大学英语人教版8大学下册Unit4课文+单词+朗读+常识收拾+词汇讲...

大学英语人教版8大学下册Unit 4 课文+单词+朗读+常识收拾+词汇说明+句型解析

单词朗读

allow [??la?] v. 答应，答应

wrong [r??] adj. 差错的

What's wrong? 哪儿不舒畅?

midnight ['m?dna?t] n. 午夜，半夜

look through 阅读，快速查看

guess [ɡes] v. 猜测，估量

deal [di:l] v. 处置，唐塞

big deal 重要的事

work out 成功地打开，处置

get on with 友善共处，联络杰出

relation [r??le??n] n. 联络，联络，交游

communicate[k?mju:nikeit] v. 交流,通讯,通讯

communication [k??mju:n??ke??n] n. 交流，交流

argue [?ɑ:ɡju:] v. 争论，争持

cloud [kla?d] n. 云

elder ['eld?(r)] adj. 大学较长的

instead [?n?sted] adv. 替代

whatever [w?t?ev?r] pron. 任何,不管啥,不管啥

nervous [?n?:v?s] adj. 严峻不安的

offer ['a:f?r] v. 供给，自愿给予

proper [?pr?p?] adj. 适合的，恰当的

secondly [?sek?ndli] adv. 第二，其次

explain [?k?sple?n] v. 说明，说明，阐明

clear [kl??] adj. 清楚的，理解易懂的

copy [?k?pi] v. 仿制

return [r?'t?:n] v. 回来，回来，偿还

anymore ['en?m?:] adv. 不再，再也不

member [?memb?] n. 成员，会员

pressure ['pre??(r)] n. 压力

compete [k?m'pi:t] v. 竞赛，竞赛

opinion [??p?nj?n] n. 定见，主意，观点

skill [sk?l] n. 技能，技巧

typical [?t?p?kl] adj. 典型的

football [?f?tb?:l] n. 足球

cut out 删去，删去

quick [kw?k] adj. 快的，灵敏的

continue [k?n?t?nju:] v. 持续，接连

compare [k?m'pe?] v. 比照

compare…with 比照，比照

crazy [?kre?z?] adj. 张狂的，张狂的

development [di?vel?pm?nt] n. 发育，生长，打开

cause [k?:z] n. & v. 缘由;构成，使发生

usual [?ju:?u?l] adj. 一般的，往常的

in one's opinion 依… 看

perhaps [p??h?ps] adv. 可以，大约，或许

课文朗读

点击上面绿标播映

常识收拾

【要点单词】

1.have free time有空闲时刻

2.allow sb. to do sth. 答应或人做某事

3.hang out with sb. 与或人闲逛

4. after-school classes课外活动课

5. get into a fight with sb.与或人吵架/打架

6. until midnight直到深夜

7. talk to sb. 与或人攀谈

8. too many太多

9. study too much学得过多

10. get enough sleep有满足的睡觉

11. write sb. a letter给或人写信

12. call sb. up打电话给或人

13. surprise sb. 令或人惊奇

14. look through翻看

15. be angry with sb. 生或人的气

16. a big deal重要的事

17. work out成功地打开;处置

18. get on with与...共处

19. fight a lot常常吵架/打架

20. hang over笼罩

21. refuse to do sth. 回绝做某事

22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

23. so that以便

24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意或人做某事

25. all the time一向

26. in future往后

27. make sb. angry使或人生气

28. worry about sth. 忧虑某事

29. copy one’ s homework抄袭或人的作业

30. be oneself做自个

31. family members

32. spend time alone单独消磨韶光

33. give sb. pressure给或人施压

34. have a fight with sb. 与或人吵架

35. compete with sb. 与或人竞赛

36. free time activities业余活动

37. get better grades获得非常好的成果

38. give one’ s opinion提出或人的观念

39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧

40. practice sports体育练习

41. cause stress构成压力

42. cut out删去

【要点句型】

1. I studied until midnight last night so I didn\\\'t get enough sleep. 我昨晚学习到深夜所以睡觉缺乏。

2. Why don\\\'t you forget about it? 你为啥不忘掉它呢？

3. Although she\\\'s wrong , it,s not a big deal. 尽管她错了,但这并不是啥大事儿。

4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry.他大约跟兄弟谈谈以便他能说声对不住。

5. Maybe you could go to his house. 或许你可以去他家。

6. I guess I could, but I don't want to surprise him. 我想我可以，但我不想让他感到惊奇。

词汇说明

1. allow

allow作动词，意为“答应”。用法如下：

（1）allow sth.意为“答应某事的发生”。例如：

I can’t allow such a thing.

我不答应发生这样的事。

（2）allow doing sth.意为“答应做某事”。例如：

We don’t allow eating in the classrooms.

咱们不答应在教室吃饭。

We don’t allow smoking here.

咱们不答应在此抽烟。

（3）allow sb. to do sth.意为“答应或人做某事”。例如：

Her father would not allow her to eat sweets.

她父亲不答应她吃糖块。

They don’t allow students to smoke in the classroom.

他们不答应学生在教室抽烟。

（4）allow sb. sth. 意为“给予或人某物(尤指钱或时刻)；让或人有(拥用或带有)某物”。例如：

He allows his son too much money.

他给他儿子的钱太多。

We’ll allow you time to answer.

咱们将给你答复的时刻。

2. get on with

get on意为“共处，发展”，也可用get along，这今后接介词with。get on with sb. 意为“与或人友善共处/联络杰出”；get on well/badly with sth. 意为“某事发展顺畅/不好”。例如：

He gets on (well) with his classmates.

他和同学们共处调和。

How do you get on with your studies?

你的学业发展如何？

【拓宽】

get on 还有“上车”的意思，后边常接bus; train等标明交通东西的词；反义词为get off。例如：

The old man got on/ off the bus slowly.

那位老人逐渐地上/下了公共轿车。

3. argue

argue作动词，意为“争论，争持”。常用短语为：

argue with sb. 与或人争持

argue about/on sth. 争论某事

argue for/against sth.

为撑持/对立某事而争辩

例如：

Mrs. Brown argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.

布朗夫人因为那顿饭的价格跟效能员争持。

Next class we’re arguing about family activities.

下节课咱们争辩家庭活动。

argue对应的名词为argument，常用词组为：have an argument with sb. about/ on sth. 因某事与或人争论。例如：

I had an argument with my best friend last week.

上星期我与我最佳的兄弟吵了一架。

【拓宽】

argue与discuss的分析：

（1）argue偏重于自个的观点、情绪，提出论据，以理说服别人。例如：

There is no need arguing about the matter.

不必就此事争辩了。

（2）discuss重在交流定见，进行谈论，不富含说服对方的成分。例如：

We’re going to discuss the question.

咱们方案谈论这个疑问。

4. instead

instead作副词，意为“替代，而不是”，常用作状语。例如：

He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了，让我替他去吧。

She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她从不学习，而是整天打网球。

【拓宽】

instead与instead of的分析：

（1）instead是副词，后边不接其他的词，一般情况下可不译出，一般放在句首或句末，在句首常常用逗号离隔，标明前面的事没做，而做了后边的事。例如：

He didn’t go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema.

他没有去学校，相反他去了影片院。

（2）instead of是介词短语，意为“替代，而不是”，后边可以跟与前面并排成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing方法等作为介词宾语。例如：

He went to the cinema instead of going to school.

他去了影片院而不是学校。

5. offer

（1）offer 作动词，意为“给予；供给；提出”。例如：

He offered me 300 dollars for that old car.

他出300美元向我买那辆旧车。

Offer some coffee to the guests.

给客人端些咖啡来。

He offered me a cup of tea.

他给了我一杯茶。

（2）offer to do sth. 标明“情愿做某事；主动提出做某事”。

例如： I offered to help my mother do housework.

我主动提出协助母亲做家务。

She offered to drive me to the station.

她标明情愿开车送我去车站。

6. explain

explain是动词，意为?得鳎鳎鳌薄Ｆ溆梅ㄈ缦拢?/p>

（1）explain sth. to sb.意为“向或人说明某事”。例如：

Please explain that rule to me.

请把这条规则给我讲一讲。

（2）“explain (to sb.) + 疑问词 + 从句”意为“向或人说明……”。

例如: Please explain to me what this means.

请向我说明这是啥意思。

（3）“explain + that从句” 意为?得鳌薄?/p>

例如：

He explained that we could no longer stay.

他说明说咱们不能再待下去了。

【留心】

explain后边不能接双宾语，在接直接宾语sb.时，前面应加介词to，即explain sth. to sb.

7. compare

（1）compare作动词，意为“比照，对照”，常与with连用。例如：

Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right.

把你的答案同书后边的答案对照一下，看看是不是正确。

My handwriting can not be compared with my father’s.

我的书法不能与我父亲的比较。

If you compare the two books, you will see that this one is better.

假定你比照一下这两本书，你会发现这一本好一些。

（2）compare作动词，还用作比方意义，意为“比作”。例如：

Man’s life is often compared to a candle.

人生常被比为蜡烛。

Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.

莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。

8. push

push作动词，意为“推进；挤；鞭挞；敦促”。例如：

The little boy pushed the door open.

小男孩把门推开了。

We had to push our way through the crowd.

咱们得从人群中挤曩昔。

The math teacher really pushes his students. That’s why they don’t like him that much.

那位数学教师的确对学生们鞭挞过多了。这就是他们不那么喜爱他的缘由。

You’d better not push me for an answer to your request.

你最佳不要敦促我答复你的恳求。

练一练：

I. 英汉短语互译。

1．闲逛 _______

2．偿还 ________

3．附和或人（的主意） ________

4．与或人友善共处 ________

5．下次 ________

6．too much _________

7．work out ________

8．cut out_________

9．get into a fight _________

10．play sports_________

II. 根据句意和首字母提示结束单词。

1．She is a ________ (成员) of the golf club.

2．I want to know your o________ about the plan.

3．I think she must be ________ (张狂的).

4．Don’t ________ (推) the door.

5．Don’t ________(比照) me with others.

6．The radio says that the soldiers will c________ moving on.

7．This is a ________ (典型的) case and let me explain it to you.

8．I can’t go out with you because my mother doesn’t a________ me to go out.

9．Your answer is not right. It’s w________.

10．If you don’t know the meaning of the word, just try to g________ it.

III. 用括号内所给词的恰当方法填空。

1．Don’t give me too much ________(press) . I’m stressed out.

2．1000 children entered the English ________(compete)?

3．The government did a lot for the country’s ________(develop).

4．I had an ________(usual) experience last night. I didn’t believe it at all.

5．The man is a ________(skill) worker and we should learn from him.

【参阅答案】

I. 英汉短语互译。

1. hang out

2. give back

3. agree with sb.

4. get on with sb.

5. next time

6. 太多

7. 处置；算出

8. 删去；删去

9. 争持

10. 做运动

II. 根据句意和首字母提示结束单词。

1. member 2. opinion 3. crazy 4. push 5. compare

6. continue 7. typical 8. allow 9. wrong 10. guess

III. 用括号内所给词的恰当方法填空。

1. pressure 2. competition 3. development 4. unusual 5. skilled

要点句型解析

1. Why don’t you talk to your parents？

“Why don’t you + 动词原形 + 其他？”恰当于“Why not + 动词原形 + 其他？”意为“为啥不……？”并不标明疑问，而是作主张、问询。例如：
Why don’t you go with us? = Why not go with us?

为啥不一样咱们一同去呢？
Why don’t you go swimming? = Why not go swimming?

为啥不去游水呢？

【拓宽】

why not用在口语中标明附和，意为“当然，好啊”。例如：

— Let’s go to the movies. 咱们看影片吧。

— Why not? 好啊！

2. I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night.

until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：

（1）作介词，后接时刻名词，在句中作时刻状语。例如：

She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她一向等到9点钟。

（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时刻状语从句。例如：

We waited until the rain stopped. 咱们等到雨停了。

【拓宽】

（1）until用在必定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等，标明

主句动作的中止时刻。例如：

I will wait here until you come back.

我会在这儿等到你回来。

（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非连续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等，偏重主句动作初步的时刻。例如：

The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.

直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。

3. I’m not good at writing.

be good at意为“擅长……”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing方法。例如：

I’m good at playing chess. 我擅长下象棋。

We should be good at learning

from each other.

咱们大约长于彼此学习。

【拓宽】

（1）be good for意为“对……有优点”。例如：

Eating more vegetables is good for your health.

多吃蔬菜对你的安康有优点。

（2）be good /kind /nice to意为“对……好”。例如：

My friend was good to me when I was ill.

我患病时我的兄弟对我关怀至极。

4. Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.

although作连词，恰当于though，意为“尽管，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并排连词but; and; so等连用，但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如：

Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.

= He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.

尽管他一自个住，但他并不感到孑立。

There is air all around us, although we cannot see it.

尽管咱们看不见空气，但空气却存在于咱们的周围。

【拓宽】

although与though的分析：

（1）用作连词，标明“尽管”，二者可以交换运用，但although比though更为正式。例如：

Though/Although it was raining, we still went there.

尽管下着雨，但咱们仍是去了那里。

（2）although一般不必作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意为“可是，不过”。例如：

It’s hard work; I enjoy it, though.

作业很辛苦，可是我很喜爱。

We all tried our best. We lost the game, though.

咱们都极力最大尽力，但咱们仍是输了。

（3）在as though（如同，似乎），even though（即便，即便）等固定短语中不能用although。例如：

He talks as though he knew everything.

他坐而论道，如同一无所知。

5. I hope things will be better for you soon.

hope作动词，意为“期望”，用于标明有可以完成的期望，这今后可接不定式或宾语从句，但表达“期望别人做某事”时则需用hope that从句。例如：

I hope to watch the football match again.

我期望再看一次那场足球赛。

I hope you can pass the exam.

我期望你能经过考试。

【拓宽】

hope与wish的分析：

（1）标明“想；期望”，两者宾语可为to do，不能用doing。例如：

I hope/wish to visit Guilin . 我期望去桂林参观。

（2）wish后可以跟复合宾语，即wish sb. to do sth.，而hope不能。例如：

I wish you to go. (正) 我期望你去。

I hope you to go. (误) 我期望你去。

（3）两者都可接that从句，可是“hope + that从句”标明期望，“wish + that从句”标明期望，且从句的谓语动词要用虚拟口气。例如：

I hope you’ll be better soon. 我期望你很快好起来。

I wish I were really wealthy. 期望我真的赋有。

（4）wish后可接双宾语。hope没有这种用法。例如：

We wish you a happy New Year! 咱们祝你新年高兴！

练一练：

I. 句型变换，按需求结束下列语句。

1. Why don’t you get her a scarf? (改为同义句)
① ____________ ____________ get her a scarf?
② ____________ ____________ getting her a scarf?

2. You should get a CD for your friend. (对划线有些发问)
____________ ____________ I ____________ for my friend?

3. We don’t go shopping. We watch TV at home instead. (改为同义句)
We watch TV at home ____________ ____________ ____________ shopping.

4. I think your idea is great. (改为否定句)

I ____________ ____________ your idea is great.

5. She does well in singing and dancing. (改为同义句)

She is ____________ ____________ singing and dancing.

6. She had a map in order not to get lost. (改为同义句)

She had a map ____________ ____________ she wouldn’t get lost.

7. The old man lives a simple life although he is rich. (改为同义句)

The old man is rich, ____________ he lives a simple life.

II. 根据汉语提示，结束语句。

1．我有太多家庭作业，所以我没有任何空闲时刻做我喜爱的作业。

I have too much homework ________ I don’t have any free time to do things________ ________.

2．我真的很累，因为我昨日晚上一向学到深夜。

I’m really tired ________ I studied________ midnight last night.

3．你今日晚上为啥不早点睡觉？

________ ________ ________ go to sleep earlier this evening?

4．你大约给他打电话，为的是你可以抱愧

You ________ call him________ ________ you can say you’re sorry.

5．尽管她错了，但那没啥大不了的。

________ she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.

6. 我觉得这不公正。

I ________ ________ this is fair.

7. 我期望你能处置这个疑问。

I hope you can ________ ________ the problem.

8. 昨日我哥哥和Tony打了一架。

Yesterday my brother ________ ________ ________ with Tony.

9. 我母亲正在阅读报纸。

My mother is ________ ________the newspaper at the moment.

10. 我弟弟回绝和我一同玩，我很生气。

My brother ________ ________ ________ with me, and I was angry.

III. 语法专练：选择括号内恰当的词填空。

1. Many people do not realize the importance of health ________ (after; when; until) they have fallen.

2. They develop their skills ________ (because; since; so that) they can do things better and better.

3. —Look! Some people are running the red lights.

—We should wait ________ (although; because; if) others are breaking the rule.

4. We didn’t start our discussion ________ (while; until; if) everybody arrived.

5. She speaks loudly ________ (because; so that; if)) all the people can hear her clearly.

IV. 从方框中选择恰当的语句结束对话。

A. Some flowers?

B. Would she like a scarf?

C. How about her favorite book?

D. Er…don’t you think that’s too cheap?

E. A scarf is too personal.

A: Lily, what should I get for Ms. Ning for the coming Teachers’ Day?

B: Your English teacher? How about a notebook?

A: 1

B: How about a watch?

A: I don’t think so. A watch is too expensive.

B: I see. 2

A: No, I don’t know what book she likes best.

B: Well, 3

A: No! 4

B: OK, I know. How about flowers?

A: 5 Yes, she’ll like that!

【参阅答案】

I. 句型变换，按需求结束下列语句。

1. ① Why not ② How / What about

2. What should; get
3. instead of going

4. don’t think

5. good at

6. so that

7. but

II. 根据汉语提示，结束语句。

1. so; I like

2. because; until

3. Why don’t you

4. should; so that

5. Although/Though

6. don’t think

7. work out

8. had a fight

9. looking through

10. refused to play

III. 语法专练：选择括号内恰当的词填空。

1. until 2. so that 3. although 4. until 5. so that

IV. 从方框中选择恰当的语句结束对话。

1-5 DCBEA