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读读英语的故事,聊聊英语学习

2023-06-26 21:15:11 | 人围观 | 评论:




原标题:读读英语的故事,聊聊英语学习




我最喜爱的作家之一是英国作家bill bryson,他被《泰晤士报》称为“当前活在世上的最风趣的旅行文学作家”。除了写行记作品外,他还写一些科普和言语有关的作品,比方《万物简史》(a short history of nearly everything), 还有我之前和我们共享过的写作手册troublesome words。他的文笔简练流通,言外之意中包含着博学、睿智和诙谐,读他的作品是一种享受。



今日和我们的共享的是他的mother tongue: the story of the english language,讲的是关英语的故事。言语是怎么来的?英语是怎么长成今日这样的?其间咱们可以晓得到一些风趣的事,例如:



为啥child的复数是children而不是childs?

fuck和o.k这两个“万能词”是怎么来的?

英文中有哪些好玩的文字游戏(例如anagram, palindrome)?

samuel johnson, noah webster, james


augustus henry murray是谁?

美国前总统布什的英文有多差?



observer评价这本书是"a gold mine of language-anecdote, information, curiosity. a surprise on every page...enthralling." 我主张读英语专业(特别是言语学有关)的兄弟们读一读这本书,涨姿势的一起学点英语表达,等到你上言语学课的时分,可以就不会觉得太单调了。

从书中摘抄几段,联系我的学习经历,聊一聊英语和英语学习。

1. 发音


language, nevre forget, is more fashion than science, and matters of usage, spelling, and pronunciation tend to wander around like hemlines. people say things sometimes because they are easier or more sensible, but sometimes simply becausethat's the way everyone else is saying them.


美音学习网站rachel's english的主人rachel在她的语音书中说: pronunciation is not an exact science, and there are differences of opinion. 例如often这个词有人会念成“奥芬”,有人会把t读出来(电台“roundtable”中的赫扬就读成“奥扶ten”),例如winter平常听起来和winner几乎是相同的,prints和prince也差不多;used有时分会读成/ju?st/,有时分是/ju?zd/.

在为啥你学了这么多年音标发音还这么差中,我和我们共享过《英语标准发音》一书作者王式仁教师的话:


许多英语学习者满足了标准发音的44个音位的常体方法,就急仓促地拼读单词、朗读文章,成果显得笨嘴拙舌。假定可以向前再夸一步,细心学学各个因为的音位变体,发音和朗读就会更流通和地道了。


想要把英语说得秀丽,光学音标是远远不可的。要多听,经过许多的听力操练来培育耳朵的辨音才能,能听到了才干说出来。假定听不出来这些发音表象的话,咱们就大约学习一些语音常识,例如连读和弱读。

聊聊这几本语音学习的教材



2. 用词


in the late 1970s, president jimmy carter betrayed a flaw in his linguistic armoury when he said: "the government of iran must realize that it cannot flaunt, with impunity, the expressed will and law of the world community." flaunt means to show off; he meant flout.

the day after he was elected president in 1988, george bush told a television reporter he couldn't believe the enormity of what had happened. had president-elect bush known that the primary meaning of enormity is wickedness or evil, he would doubtless have selected a more flattering term.


两位美国总统都用错失词,阐明英文的确难啊,防不堪防,许多次美国人也会搞错的。这就提示咱们绝不能想当然,有所置疑就去查查字典。

例如disinterested是啥意思?不关怀查查字典就会发现disinterested的意思是“impartial” "unbiased",即“公正的”意思,假定要标明“无视置之”,最佳用uninterested。



来自vocabulary.com

除此之外咱们还要留心有些词在某种语境中的口语用法。例如在从《我国有嘻哈》大学点英文中,我和我们共享了beef可以标明“吐槽”,dope可以标明“傻x”,也可以标明夸人的“牛x”。bad是“坏”的意思,口语中也可以标明“好”; sick是“患病的”,口语中可以标明“太燃了” “太牛x了”,和dope差不多。咱们了解的shit本是污秽之物,也可以用来标明“极好的东西”(something is the shit)。



3. 学会查字典


by virtue of their brevity, dictionary definitions often fail to convey the nuances of english. [...] a dictionary will tell you that tall and high mean much the same thing, but it won't explain to you that while you can apply either term to a building you can only apply tall to a person. on the strength of dictionary definitions alone a foreign visitor to your home could be excused for telling you that you have an abnormal child, that your wife's cooking is exceedingly odorous, and that your speech at a recent sales conference was laughable, and intend nothing but the warmest praise.


在上面这段话中,bill bryson提出了字典的捆绑性,例如tall和high意思差不多,可是字典一般不会告诉你不能用high来描述人“高”。后边的三个词abnormal, odorous, laughable用的不对,例如abnormal是“不寻常”,可是这个“不寻常”不是用来夸人异乎寻常的不寻常,而是使人不快或焦虑的“不正常”。说人家的孩子abnormal是说“你家孩子如同精力有疑问...”

bill bryson这本书是1990年头度出书的,如今的字典和那时分有很大不一样。例如我在朗文字典中搜high这个词,它就会提示我:



在学会这样查词典,从此学英语不求人中我说:查字典是一项长时刻被英语学习者小看的、极端重要的技能之一。查字典不是简略的把一个词放进“有道词典”,看一眼里文翻译就完事了。咱们除了看一个词的中文释义外,还要看看它的英英释义,晓得这个词的语法运用特征以及适用规模。



4. 语法


english grammar is so complex and confusing for the one very simple reason that its rules and terminologies are based on latin -- a language with which it has precious little in common. [...] making english grammar conform to latin rules is like asking people to play baseball using the rules of football. it is a patent absurdity.


英语语法很大程度上受拉丁语语法影响。例如咱们平常说的“英语中有16种时态”就是按拉丁文语法来分的,而实践上英语中是根柢就没有“将来时”这个时态的。

英语语法太多时分是不讲逻辑的 -- there's no inherent reason why these things should


be so. they are not defensible in terms of grammar. they are because they are. 例如在18世纪前,假定you是标明一自个的话,you was是正确的语法,那为啥如今语法中不管you是标明“你”仍是“你们”后边都要用are呢?因为“语法专家”robert lowth不喜爱这样...



***

以上只是这本书中的冰山一角,有快乐喜爱的话我们可以自个去读这本书。书可以在亚马逊京东当当上买,你也可以买kindle版别或许上网自个找电子版。

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