我最喜爱的作家之一是英国作家bill bryson,他被《泰晤士报》称为“当前活在世上的最风趣的旅行文学作家”。除了写行记作品外,他还写一些科普和言语有关的作品,比方《万物简史》(a short history of nearly everything), 还有我之前和我们共享过的写作手册troublesome words。他的文笔简练流通,言外之意中包含着博学、睿智和诙谐,读他的作品是一种享受。
今日和我们的共享的是他的mother tongue: the story of the english language,讲的是关英语的故事。言语是怎么来的?英语是怎么长成今日这样的?其间咱们可以晓得到一些风趣的事,例如:
为啥child的复数是children而不是childs?
fuck和o.k这两个“万能词”是怎么来的?
英文中有哪些好玩的文字游戏(例如anagram, palindrome)?
samuel johnson, noah webster, james
augustus henry murray是谁?
美国前总统布什的英文有多差?
observer评价这本书是"a gold mine of language-anecdote, information, curiosity. a surprise on every page...enthralling." 我主张读英语专业(特别是言语学有关)的兄弟们读一读这本书,涨姿势的一起学点英语表达,等到你上言语学课的时分,可以就不会觉得太单调了。
从书中摘抄几段,联系我的学习经历,聊一聊英语和英语学习。
1. 发音
language, nevre forget, is more fashion than science, and matters of usage, spelling, and pronunciation tend to wander around like hemlines. people say things sometimes because they are easier or more sensible, but sometimes simply becausethat's the way everyone else is saying them.
美音学习网站rachel's english的主人rachel在她的语音书中说: pronunciation is not an exact science, and there are differences of opinion. 例如often这个词有人会念成“奥芬”,有人会把t读出来(电台“roundtable”中的赫扬就读成“奥扶ten”),例如winter平常听起来和winner几乎是相同的,prints和prince也差不多;used有时分会读成/ju?st/,有时分是/ju?zd/.
in the late 1970s, president jimmy carter betrayed a flaw in his linguistic armoury when he said: "the government of iran must realize that it cannot flaunt, with impunity, the expressed will and law of the world community." flaunt means to show off; he meant flout.
the day after he was elected president in 1988, george bush told a television reporter he couldn't believe the enormity of what had happened. had president-elect bush known that the primary meaning of enormity is wickedness or evil, he would doubtless have selected a more flattering term.
除此之外咱们还要留心有些词在某种语境中的口语用法。例如在从《我国有嘻哈》大学点英文中,我和我们共享了beef可以标明“吐槽”,dope可以标明“傻x”,也可以标明夸人的“牛x”。bad是“坏”的意思,口语中也可以标明“好”; sick是“患病的”,口语中可以标明“太燃了” “太牛x了”,和dope差不多。咱们了解的shit本是污秽之物,也可以用来标明“极好的东西”(something is the shit)。
3. 学会查字典
by virtue of their brevity, dictionary definitions often fail to convey the nuances of english. [...] a dictionary will tell you that tall and high mean much the same thing, but it won't explain to you that while you can apply either term to a building you can only apply tall to a person. on the strength of dictionary definitions alone a foreign visitor to your home could be excused for telling you that you have an abnormal child, that your wife's cooking is exceedingly odorous, and that your speech at a recent sales conference was laughable, and intend nothing but the warmest praise.
english grammar is so complex and confusing for the one very simple reason that its rules and terminologies are based on latin -- a language with which it has precious little in common. [...] making english grammar conform to latin rules is like asking people to play baseball using the rules of football. it is a patent absurdity.
英语语法太多时分是不讲逻辑的 -- there's no inherent reason why these things should
be so. they are not defensible in terms of grammar. they are because they are. 例如在18世纪前,假定you是标明一自个的话,you was是正确的语法,那为啥如今语法中不管you是标明“你”仍是“你们”后边都要用are呢?因为“语法专家”robert lowth不喜爱这样...