你的位置： 首页 > 英语口语学习

大学至大学全册英语常识点总结(三)

2023-09-28 11:30:46 | 人围观 | 评论:


大学大学（上）
【常识收拾】
i. 要点短语
?
1. at the moment? ? ?
2. used to?
3. for a while?
4. walk away with sth.?
5. leave for some place?
6. sooner or later?
7. pay for?
8. come up with an idea?
9. think of?
10. have a try?
11. all over the

world?
12. be famous for?
13. large numbers of?
14. all the year round?
15. no matter what?
16. give up
17. for example?
18. by the way
19. on business?
20. so far
21. come true?
22. set off
23. slow down?
24. go on doing?
25. wait for
26. be proud of
27. be afraid of?
28. speak highly of
29. a year and a half
30. half a year?
31. pick up?
32. as soon as?
33. keep… clean
34. take care of?
35. cut down?
36. make a contribution to
37. base on?
38. make sure?
39. take away?
40. begin with
41. right now
42. as soon as possible
43. leave a message?
44. all kinds of things?
45. walk around?
46. fall asleep?
47. wake up?
48. go on a trip?
49. have a good time?
50. take photos?
51. come out?
52. come on?
53. have a family meeting
54. talk about
55. go for a holiday
56 go scuba diving
57. write down?
58. by oneself?
59. walk along?
60. get a chance to do sth?
61. have a wonderful time
62. book a room
63. have an accident?
64. be interested in
65. use sth. to do sth.
66. make a tv show?
67. be amazed at
68. take part in?
69. feed on
70. get out of
?
ii. 重要句型
?
1. why don’t you do sth.?? ? ? ?
2. make sb. happy
3. borrow sth. from sb.? ? ? ? ?
4. forget to do sth.
5. pay fro sth.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
6. return sth. to sb.
7. learn sth. from sb.? ? ? ? ? ?
8. be famous for sth.
9. no matter what…? ? ? ? ??
10. be with sb.
11. go on doing sth.? ? ? ? ? ??
12. speak highly of sb.
13. keep doing sth.? ? ? ? ? ? ?
14. allow sb. to do sth.
15. encourage sb. to do sth.? ? ? 16. it is said that…?
?
iii. 交际用语
?
1. --- excuse me, have you got …?
--- yes, i have. (sorry, i haven’t.)
2. --- why don’t you …?
--- thanks, i will.
3. --- thanks a lot. (thank you very much.)
--- you are welcome.
4. --- have you ever done…?
--- yes, i have, once. (no, never.)
5. --- i’ve just done…
--- really?
6. ---what’s …like ?
7. --- how long have you been…?
--- since…
8. --- have you ever been to…?
--- i’ve never been there. (none of us has./ only …has. )?
9. --- would you like to have a try?
--- i don’t think i can…
10. --- what have you done since…?
11. --- how long have you been at this …?
--- for…
12. --- how long has she/ he worked there…?
--- she’s / he’s worked there for… / all her / his life.
13. --- i’m sorry he isn’t here right now.
14. --- may i help you?
15. --- that’s very kind of you.
16. ---could we go scuba diving?
17. --- could you tell us how long we’re going to be away?
18. --- let’s try to find some information about it, ok?
19. --- could you please tell me how to search the internet?
20. --- go straight along here.
21. ---please go to gate 12.
22. --- please come this way.
23. --- could you tell me what you think about hainan island?
24. --- that sounds really cool!
?
iv. 重要语法
1. 宾语从句?
2. 如今结束时
3. 一般曩昔时与如今结束时的用法比照：
【名师说明】
1. maybe/ may be?
(1) maybe是副词，意思是“大约，或许”，常用作状语。例如： maybe you put it in your bag.或许你把它放在包里了。“will he come tomorrow?”“maybe not.”? ??魅绽绰穑俊薄盎蛐聿弧薄?
(2) may be恰当所以神态动词may与be动词分配一同作谓语，意思是“或许是…，可所以…”。?
例如：it may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可以于九点抵达。the man may be a lawyer. 那人或许是律师。
2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use?
(1) borrow标明的是从别人那里借来东西，即咱们一般所说的“借进来”。例如：we often borrow books from our school library.咱们常常从学校图书馆借书。i borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从教师那儿借来了这本字典。
borrow是一个片刻间结束的动作，因而不能与时刻段连用。
例如：you can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 差错 )i have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 差错 )?
(2) lend标明的是把自个的东西借给别人，即咱们一般所说的“借出去”。 例如：thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。he often lends money to his brother.他常常借钱给他弟弟。
?lend与borrow相同，也是一个片刻间结束的 动作，不能与一段时刻连用。?
(3) keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的保存或运用期间，是一段持续的时刻，因而可以与时刻段连用。例如：you can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。
i have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。
(4) use也可以当“借用”讲，但它的原意是“用，运用”。例如：may i use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗？he had to use this public telephone.他不得不运用这部共用电话。
3. leave/ leave for
(1) leave意思是“脱离，留下”。 例如：we left shanghai two years ago.咱们两年前脱离了上海。
? ?he left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上星期把手机落在租借车里了。
(2) leave for意思是“前往”，标明要去的意图地。例如：we will leave for tibet next month.咱们将于下月去西藏。the train is leaving for moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。
4. since/ for?
(1) since用于结束时态，既能用作介词，也能用作连词，后常接时刻点，意思是“自从”。 例如：?
he has been a worker since he came into this city.自从他来到这个城市，他就是工人了。?
i have never seen him since we last met in shanghai .自从咱们前次在上海见过之后我再也没见过他。
since作连词，还有“已然”的意思。例如： since you are interested in it, just do it.? ?已然你对它感快乐喜爱，那就做吧。 you can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.已然你现已做完了功课，就开心玩会儿吧。?
(2) for用于结束时，用作介词，后常接一段时刻，意思是“经过…”。例如： i have learned english for five years.我现已学了五年英语了。they have waited for you for 30 minutes.他们现已等了你三非常钟了。
for也可以用作连词，但意思是“因为”。 例如： they missed the flight for they were late.他们因为完到了而误了航班。he fell ill for many reasons.他因为多种缘由病倒了。
5. neither/ either/ both?
(1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用奇数.例如：neither of the boys is from england.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。i know neither of them. 他们两个我都不知道。?
neither用作描述词，也润饰奇数名词，意思与作代词时相同；用作连词时，一般与nor分配，标明 “既不…也不”。作主语时，谓语动词也遵从就近原则。 例如：she neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨日既不吃也不喝。neither he nor we play football on sundays.? ?他和咱们星期天都不踢球。
(2) either作代词时，是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个，故作主语时谓语动词用奇数.?
例如：either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的.
she doesn’t like either of the films.这两部影片她都不喜爱.
either作描述词, 用来润饰奇数名词,意思与作介词时相同.? ?
例如：either school is near my home.? ?(这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近.
either question is difficult.两个疑问(中的任何一个)都难.
either作连词时,一般与or分配,标明两者选其一，意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时，谓语动词遵从就近原则。?
either he or i am right.不是他就是我是对的。
either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来看我。
(3) both作代词时，指的是所触及到的“两者都”, 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数方法。?
i like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜爱。both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是教师。
both作描述词时，用来润饰两者,意思与作代词时相同.both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。
both these students are good at english. 这两个学生都擅长英语。
both用作连词时，多与and分配，标明“既…又, 不只…而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数方法。?
both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我的喜爱。
they study both history and physics. 他们既学前史，又学物理。?
6. find/look for/ find out?
(1) find偏重找的成果，意思是“找到”。此外还有“发现，发觉”的意思，后可接宾语从句。?
例如：jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。have you found your lost keys? 你找到丢掉的钥匙了吗？
he found the lights were on along the street.他发现沿街的灯都亮了
(2) look for的意思为“寻找”，指的是找的动作而非成果。另外，还有“期望，等待”的意思。?
例如：she is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。we’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.咱们从今日一大早就初步找这辆车了。i look for the coming holiday.我等待着即将降临的假期。
(3) find out富含经过调查、研讨或探究而得知的意思，后常接较笼统的事物，意思是“找出，发现，查明（底细）”等。例如： i can find out who took my money away.我能查出谁拿了我的钱。
could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能设法晓得飞机何时到吗？?
7. forget to do/ forget doing?
(1) forget to do是指忘掉去做某件事了，即该事还没有做。例如： please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今日下午不要忘了给我打电话。i forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了带零钱了。
(2) forget doing是指忘掉某件现已做过的作业，即该事现已做了，但被忘掉了。 例如：he forgot telling me his address.他忘了告诉过我地址了。they forgot having been here before.他们忘了早年曾来过这儿。
8. stop doing/ stop to do?
(1) stop doing是指中止做某事，即doing这个动作不再持续。例如：they stopped debating.他们中止了争辩。（不争辩了）he had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 因为交通灯变成了赤色他不得不断车。?
(2) stop to do是指停下来初步做另一件事，即中止原先的事，初步做do这个动作。?
例如：she stopped to have a rest.她停下来歇息会儿。（初步歇息）they stopped to talk.他们停下来初步攀谈。
9. except/ besides?
(1) except是指不包括后边所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以了解为“放下…不谈”,标明两有些的不一样。 everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每自个都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）all the visitors are japanese except him.除他以外的一切游客都是日自己。（其别人是日自己，可他不是）
(2)besides是包括后边所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以了解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”，标明两有些的类似性。例如：twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，还有25个学生去看了影片。(他和另外25人都去了)we like biology besides english.除了英语外，咱们还喜爱生物。（生物和英语都喜爱）
besides还可用作副词，意思是“此外；而且”，常用于句首或句尾。
例如：he is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.他是一名巨大的思维家，除此以外，他仍是一位政治家。?
they encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides. 他们不只鼓舞我，而且与我以金钱上的撑持。?
10. keep doing/ keep on doing?
(1) keep doing指的是接连地、坚持不断地做某事，中心不接连。 例如：it kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天风了。the temperature keeps dropping.温度持续降低。
(2) keep on doing是指重复坚持做某事，但动作之间略有间隔。例如：they have kept on writing to each other for many years.他们现已彼此通讯多年了。after drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后，他坚持说话。
11. seem/ look 　
(1) seem一般偏重于以客观痕迹为根据，意思是“如同、好象、看起来…”。 例如：the baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去如同很高兴。he seemed to be sorry for that.他如同为那件事感到抱愧。
seem能与to do规划连用，而look不能。 例如：it seems to rain. 如同要下雨了。
they seemed to have finished their work.他们如同现已结束了作业。
在it作方法主语的句型中只能用seem。 例如：it seems that he is quite busy now.他如今看起来很忙。
it seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看来没啥大不了的。?
(2) look用作“看起来；如同”时，常从物体的外观或样貌上来判别，是以视觉所承受的形象为根据的。?
例如：the room looks clean.这间房看起来很洁净。the girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的母亲。
12. such/ so?
(1)such常用作描述词，用来润饰名词。 例如：don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。?
he is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。?
(2) so是副词，用来润饰描述词或副词。 例如：he is so kind! 他真好意！? ?
why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚？
当名词前有many, much, few, little等标明多、少时，大约用so。?
例如：he has so many friends.他有如此多的兄弟。? only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时刻！
13. either/ too/ also?
(1)either用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句句尾。
例如：she is not a japanese, i’m not, either.她不是日自己，我也不是。
my sister doesn’t like this song, either.我小妹也不喜爱这首歌。
(2)too常用于必定句或疑问句尾，标明“也”。
例如：he likes china, too.他也喜爱我国。? are you in grade 3, too? 你也在三大学吗？
(3)also也常用于必定句或疑问句，但一般位于句中。
例如：we are also students.咱们也是学生。? ?he also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。
did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗？?
14. if/ whether?
鄙人列情况下只能用whether而非if：?
(1)与or not连用时，只能用whether.
we want to know whether you are ill or not. 咱们想晓得你是不是患病了。
please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.请告诉咱们你是不是结束了作业。
(2)后接动词不定式时，只能用whether.
adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亚当不晓得是走仍是留。
he hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他还没抉择是不是和我共进晚餐。
(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时，只能用whether.
whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 咱们不在乎即将刮风仍是下雨。
whether i won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是赢是输她不想晓得。
(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时，一般用whether.
the most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是现已走了。
whether he will go with me is a secret.他是不是会和我一同去仍是个隐秘。
if能引导条件状语从句，标明“假定，假定”，而whether没有此用法。
we’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.假定明日不下雨，咱们 要进行足球赛。
i’ll tell him if i sees him.我看见他就告诉他。
if you’re in danger, please call 110.假定你遇到风险，请拨打110。
15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take?
(1) cost一般用某物来做主语，标明“（某物）值…、花费…”，既能指花费时刻也能指金钱。
the new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。
it will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时刻。
cost 还可以用作名词，标明“本钱、费用、价格、价值”等。
what’s the cost of this tv set? 这台电视机的本钱是多少钱？
they succeeded at the cost of hard work.他们辛苦地作业换来的成功。
(2) spend一般用或人来作主语，标明“（或人）花费…，付出…”，也能指时刻或金钱，指时刻常常与　in分配，指金钱常常与on或for分配。
we spent two days in repairing this machine.咱们花了两地利间修补这台机器。
mr. lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。
(3) pay用作动词时，一般也以或人作主语，但一般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时刻。常与for分配运用。例如：they paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。
he was too poor to pay for his schooling.他穷得交不起学费。
pay还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、薪酬”等。
it’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水日子下去。
(4)take也指“花费(时刻、金钱)”，但一般用某事、某物做主语，或用方法主语it.
how long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久？it took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。
16. bad/ badly?
这两个词的意思富含“坏、糟、严峻”等意思，且它们有一起的比照级worse和最高档worst 。?
(1) bad是一个描述词，意思是“坏的，糟糕的，差的，严峻的”。?
例如：i don’t think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。i had a bad headache.我的头疼得很凶狠。
(2)badly是一个副词,意思是“不好地，差”，也可以标明程度，意为“严峻地，非常，极度”。?
例如：we need help badly.咱们急需协助。his arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严峻受伤了。
17. interested/ interesting?
(1) interested是指“对…发生快乐喜爱的，对…感快乐喜爱的”，一般用人做主语，后常用介词in.?
例如：he was interested in biology before.他早年对生物感快乐喜爱。 i’m not interested in art.我对艺术不感快乐喜爱。
(2)interesting的意思是“风趣的”，指可以给人带来快乐喜爱的或人或某事物。例如：?
he is an interesting old man.他是个风趣的老头。the interesting story attracted me. 这个风趣的故事招引了我。
18. dead/ die/ death/ dying?
(1) dead是描述词，意思为?懒说摹⑽奚摹保昝髯纯觯梢杂胍欢问笨塘谩?例如：
the tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。the rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。
(2) die是动词，意思为?馈⑷ナ馈保且桓銎碳涠剩荒苡胍欢问笨塘谩＠纾?
my grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。the old man died of cancer.老人死于癌症。
(3) death是名词，意思为“去世、去世”等。?
the memorial hall was built one year after his death.他死后一年，留念馆建成了。?
his death is a great loss to us.他的死是咱们的无量丢掉。?
(4) dying 是die的如今分词，用作描述词，意思是“病笃的、即将死去的”。?
the doctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个病笃的人。
the poor dog had no food, it was dying.不幸的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元首要会集在：
1. 宾语从句的时态和语序；
2. 一般曩昔时和曩昔结束时的用法差异；
3. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
4. 本单元学习的往常交际用语。
考试方法可所以单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和结束语句。
【中考典范】
1. （2004年北京市海淀区中考试题）
---do you know ________________?---only ten months old.
a. when does tiger woods start golfing? b. when did tiger woods start golfing
c. when tiger woods starts golfing? ?d. when tiger woods started golfing
【解析】答案：d。该题查询的是宾语从句的时态和语序。这个宾语从句的时态使用一般曩昔时，应为这儿说的是曩昔的作业。语序使用陈述句的语序，所以正确答案是: when tiger woods started golfing。
2. （2004年北京市海淀区中考试题）
i’m interested in animals, so i _____________ every saturday working in an animal hospital.
a. pay? b. get? c. take? d. spend
【解析】答案：d。该题查询的是pay, get, take和spend这四个动词的用法差异。只需动词spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里，所以正确答案影视spend。
3. （2004年天津市中考试题）
? ? could i ________ your telephone? i have something important to tell my parents.
? ? a. keep? b. borrow? c. use? d. lend
【解析】答案：c。该题查询的是keep, borrow, use和lend四个动词的用法差异。keep的真实意义是“保存”，borrow的意义是“借入”，lend的意义是“借出”，只需use的意义是“运用”。在这个语句里实践上是“运用”的意思，所以应选use。
4. （2004年鄂州市中考试题）
? ? ---hi, ann. where’s your brother? i need his help.
? ? ---he left home two weeks ago and ________away ever since.
? ? a. is? b. was? c. has been? d. had been
【解析】答案：c。该题查询的是动词时态的用法差异。一般如今时标明常常发生的动作或如今地址的状况；一般曩昔时标明曩昔的动作或曩昔地址的状况；曩昔结束时标明曩昔的动作或曩昔的时刻早年发生的作业；如今结束时标明动作或状况从曩昔某一时刻初步一向连续到如今或刚刚结束。这儿只能用如今结束时。
大学大学（中）
【常识收拾】
i. 要点短语
?
1. give up?
2. try out?
3. most of?
4. not…any more?
5. at the age of?
6. at that time?
7. send message by telegraph?
8. graduate from
9. turn down
10. put up?
11. at the top of
12. get together?
13. from house to house
14. at the end of?
15. on top of?
16. as well?
17. climb down
18. in a single night
19. even though?
20. live on?
21. once upon a time
22. according to
23. keep warm?
24. on the other hand?
25. on show
26. on display
27. in the future?
28. look up
29. tree planting day?
30. just right?
31. as often as possible?
32. wash away
33. in this way?
34. in a few years time
35. point to?
36. thanks to
37. more or less?
38. so far
39. shut down?
40. send up?
41. put off?
?
ii. 重要句型
?
1.set ones mind to do sth.?
2. put … together?
3. stop…from…
4. keep…from…
5. be filled with sth.?
6. give birth to?
7. be covered with?
8. be made of?
9. fill…with…
10. match…with?
11. be used for
12. have nothing to do with
13. come up with?
14. no matter how…
15. keep sb./sth.warm??
iii. 交际用语
?
1. ---im trying to …?
2. --- ill …
3. --- which of these would you like most to …?
4. --- what do you want to … ?
5. --- i want to…
6. --- i hope to …
7. --- i plan to…
8. --- im going to…
9. --- im so happy that …
10. --- im glad ….
11. --- me too.
12. --- whats this called in english?
13. --- whats it made of??
14. --- its made of …
15. --- whats it used for??
16. --- its used for …
17. --- english is widely used for business/ …
18. --- it is one of the worlds most important languages as it is so widely used.
19. --- where is / are … grown / produced / made ?
20. --- the (ground ) must be just right…
21. --- its best to …
22. --- the hole should not be too deep.
23. --- the great green wall is 7000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1700 kilometres wide.
24. --- the more, the better.
25. --- more or less!?
26. --- the (ground ) must be just right…
27. --- the hole should not be too deep.
?
28. 掌控以下常见标志：
entrance exit push pull no smoking no parking
fragile this side up no photos danger business hours
play stop pause on off
iv. 重要语法
1. 动词被逼语态的规划和用法；
2. 动词不定式的功用和用法。
【名师说明】
1. be able to/ can?
(1) 都能标明“可以，具有干某件事的才能”这个意义，此时可以交换。?
mr. green is able to finish the work on time.?
= mr. green can finish the work on time.
格林先生可以准时结束这项作业。?
(2) be able to可以用于各种时态，而can 为神态动词，多用于如今时，其曩昔式为could。?
we are sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up.咱们信赖他长大后可以变成一名画家。
miss lin has been able to pay the car by herself.林小姐现已可以自个担负那辆车了。
(4) can除了标明“可以，有才能做某事”以外，还有如下用法，而be able to 则没有。标明恳求，但口气没有could宛转
can i have a look at this picture? 我能看看这张图像吗？
can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?咱们可以鄙人午6点之后再脱离学校吗？
标明可以性。
that man can’t be our new teacher. 那人不可以能是咱们的新教师。
the exam can’t be too difficult.考试不会太难。
2. bring/ take/carry/fetch?
(1) bring一般是指拿来，即从别处往说话人这儿拿，翻译成“带来”。?
he brought us some good news.他给咱们带来了一些好消息。
please don’t forget to bring your homework tomorrow.明日请别忘了把家庭作业带来。?
(2) take一般是指从说话人这儿往别处拿，翻译成“带走”。?
please take the umbrella with you. it’s going to rain.要下雨了，请把伞带上。
she took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。?
(3) carry不偏重方向，标明“带着、背着、运送、搬扛”等意思。?
they carried the boxes into the factory. 他们把箱子搬进了工厂。?
a taxi carried them to the station. 租借车送他们到了车站?
(4) fetch标明的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”等意思，包括去和来两趟。?
the waiter fetched them some apples.仆人为他们取来了一些苹果。
mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.母亲为患病的儿子请来了医生。
3. whole/ all?
(1) whole偏重一个无缺如一，互不切割的全体。?
the whole country is suffering the war. 整个国家正遭受战争。
i just want to know the whole story.我只是只想晓得无缺的故事。?
whole在句中的方位是放在一切格，冠词和指示代词的之后。?
they will spend their whole holiday in canada.他们将到加拿大渡过整个假期。（一切格后）
she has finished writing the whole book.? ?她现已写完了整本书。（冠词后）??
whole用来润饰可数名词（名词用奇数）。?
he ate the whole cake. 他把整个蛋糕都吃了。（偏重整整一个蛋糕）
(2) all偏重由一个个有些构成的“悉数”。?
miss green knew all the students in the class.格林小姐知道这个班上的一切人。（一个一个全知道）?
all在句中的方位是放在一切格，定冠词和指示代词的之前。?
jim finished all his homework in twenty minutes.吉姆在20分钟之内结束了一切的作业。（一切格前）
of all the boys here, he sings best.在这儿一切的男孩之中，他唱的最佳。（定冠词前）
the boy can answer all these questions.那个男孩可以答复一切的这些疑问。（指示代词前）
all既能润饰可数名词（名词须用复数），又能润饰不可以数名词。?
all these five books are mine.这五本书都是我的。（润饰可数名词）
she was worried about her son all the time.她总在为她的儿子忧虑。（润饰不可以数名词）
4. fill/ full?
(1) fill常作动词，与with连用，意思是“注满、装满”，也能标明“填空；补缺”的意思。例如：?
he filled the box with chalk.他把粉笔装满了盒子。the bucket is filled with water.水桶里装满了水。
(2) full是描述词，翻译成“满的，装满的”，常与of连用。此外还能标明“完全的”和“吃饱的，过饱的”。
all the rooms are full of people.一切的房间都满人了。
the bus was full. he had to wait for the next one.这辆车人满了，他只需等下一辆。
5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made into?
(1) be made of标明, 一般指可以看出原材料，或发生的是物理改变。例如：?
this table cloth is made of paper.这张桌布是由纸做的。
this salad is made of apples and strawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
(2) be made from也标明，但一般指看不出原材料，或发生的是化学改变。例如：
bread is made from corn.面包是小麦做的。
the lifeboat is made from some special material.这个救生艇是由某种特别材料制成的。
(3) be made in指的是产地，意思为。
the caps are made in russia.这些帽子产于俄罗斯。?
my mother likes to buy things which are made in china.我母亲喜爱买我国产的东西。
(4) be made into的意思为。
this piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 这块木头即将被制成一个小凳。
the paper has been made into clothes for the doll. 纸被做成了洋娃娃的衣裳。
6. none/ no one/ neither
(1) none既能指人，又能指物，意思是，常用作代词，与of连用。
none of us has heard of him before.咱们没有一自个早年传闻过他。
i like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件都不喜爱。
none用作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。例如：
none of the answers is true.没有一个答案是正确的。none of the rooms are mine.没有一间房子是我的。
(2) no one只能用来指人，且不能与of连用。例如：
no one is absent.没有人缺席。i knew no one there.那里我一自个也不知道。
no one用作主语时，谓语动词只能用奇数。
例如：no one agrees with you. 没有人附和你的说法。
(3) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为，作主语时谓语动词用奇数。
例如：neither of the boys is from england. 这两个男孩都不是来自英国。
i know neither of them.他们两个我都不知道。
7. found/ find
(1) find的意思是，其曩昔式和曩昔分词都是found.
? i cant find my glasses.我找不着我的眼镜了。he found it boring to sit here alone.他发现单独坐在这儿很没劲。
(2) found是另外一个词，与find并没有联络，意思是，常用作及物动词。
? the peoples republic of china was founded in 1949.中我国公民共和国树立于1949年。
? the school was founded by the local residents.这所学校是由当地居民建筑的。
8. hear / hear of/ hear from
(1)hear的意思是，后边能接名词、代词或宾语从句。
例如： we heard the news just a moment ago.我刚传闻这个消息。can you hear me? 能听见我说话吗？
(2) hear of的意思是，一般指非直接的听见，而是听别人说的。后不能接宾语从句。例如：
i have never heard of her.我从未传闻过她。they heard of the film long time ago.他们好久早年就传闻过这部影片。
(3) hear from的意思是无关。例如：i often hear from him. 我常常收到他的来信。
he hasnt heard from his mother for a long time.他好久没有收到母亲的信了
9. send/ send for
(1) send意思是的意思。例如：the company sent him to study abroad.公司派他到国外学习去了。mr. brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走了孩子们。
(2) send for意思是，而非自己亲自去。例如：they have sent for a repairman.他们现已派人去请了一名修补工。 she sent for some flowers.她派了人去买花。
10. get to/ arrive/ reach
(1) arrive后不能直接接地址，是一个不及物动词。若标明抵达一个相对大的地址，用arrive in ; 若标明相对小的地址，用arrive at .
? the delegation will arrive in china at 5:00 p.m.代表团将于下午5:00抵达北京。
? it was dark when they arrived at the railway station.当他们抵达火车站的时分，天现已黑了。
? when did she arrive here last time? 她前次是啥时分到这儿的？（副词前省掉介词）
(2) reach能直接接所抵达的地址，是一个及物动词。例如：they reached london on friday.他们星期五抵达了伦敦。the news only reached me yesterday.我于昨日才接到这个消息。
reach还有等意思。
can you reach that apple on the tree? 你可以到树上的哪个苹果吗？
he can always be reached on the phone.可随时打电话跟他联络。
(3) get在标明时是不及物动词，应与to分配运用。
we often get to school on foot.咱们常常步行到学校。
they got to the top of the hill at noon.他们于正午抵达了山顶。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元首要会集在：
1. 动词被逼语态的规划和用法；
2. 动词不定式的功用和用法；
3. 本单元的词汇、短语和句型；
4. 本单元学过的交际用语。
考试方法可所以单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和结束语句。
【中考典范】
1. (2004年北京市中考试题)
? aunt li often asks her son ________ too much meat. it’s bad for his health.
? a. don’t eat? b. not to eat? c. not eat? d. to not eat
【解析】答案：b。该题查询的是动词不定式的构成和用法。这个语句的根柢句型是ask sb. not to do sth. 这儿，not to eat 是不定式的否定式做宾语补足语。
2. (2004年嘉兴市中考试题)
? china is becoming stronger and stronger, so chinese ________ in more american schools now.
a. was taught? b. is taught? c. teaches? d. taught
【解析】答案：b。该题查询的是动词的语态和时态。chinese 是一种言语，只能被人教，因而要用被逼语态。又因为说的如今的情况，动词要用一般如今时。所以选b。
3. (2004年河北省中考试题)
? this painting ________ to a museum in new york in 1977.a. sells? b. sold? c. was sold? d. is sold
【解析】答案：c。该题查询的是动词的语态和时态。this painting只能被卖，所以用被逼语态，又因为是1977年卖的，所以用一般曩昔时。
4. (2004年扬州市中考试题)
? ---if you ________ a new idea, please call me as soon as possible.? ?---sure, i will.
? a. keep up with? b. catch up with? c. feed up with? d. come up with
【解析】答案：d。该题查询的是短语动词用法。本单元学习的短语动词come up with a new idea意思是想出新主见，正契合题意。?
大学大学（下）
【常识收拾】
i. 要点短语
?
1. beg ones pardon
2. multiply …by…
3. slow down
4. wear out?
5. try on?
6. make a decision,?
7. a place of interest?
8. make a mistake?
9. drop off??
10. think about
11. make up ones mind,
12. at all,?
13. at least
14. by the time?
15. carry on?
16. never mind?
17. from now on
18. come down?
19. hands up?
20. before long，
21. no one，
22. not…any longer
?
ii. 重要句型
?
1. be busy doing sth.
2. prefer to do sth.
3. regard... as...
4. be pleased with sth./sb.
5. be angry with sb.
?
iii. 交际用语
?
1. ---how much does… cost …?
2. ---it can cost as little as … yuan and as much as … yuan.
3. ---it costs ….
4. ---its worth ….
5. ---i dont agree with ….
6. ---i wasnt sure whether….
7. ---i wonder if ….
8. ---what size …??
9. ---have you got any other colour / size / kind??
10. ---have you got anything cheaper??
11. ---how much are they?
12. ---how much does it cost??
13. ---how much is it??
14. ---thats a bit expensive.?
15. ---even though theyll take them.?
16. ---ill think about ….?
17. ---i donll take ….
18. ---i like ….
19. ---i dont really like ….
20. ---can i help you, girl??
21. ---would you like me to look in the back?
22. ---we can find ….
23. ---do you like being …?
24. ---can i ask you some questions??
25. ---sure.?
26. ---it was great.?
27. ---wow!?
28. ---yeah!
29. ---oh dear!
30. ---hands up!?
31. ---i’ll shoot anyone who moves.?
32. ---there’s no need to thank me.?
33. ---can you remember anything else about him??
34. ---come down, polly!
35. ---there is a little traffic accident．
36. ---theres a big traffic jam.
37. ---well, ill be here before long.
38. ---im beginning to get angry with him!
39.---yes, we cans go without him.
40. ---thats terrible!?
41. ---thats a really bad excuse!
?
iv. 重要语法
1. 曩昔将来时?
2. 曩昔结束时
3. 动词不定式
4. 定语从句
【名师说明】
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 单独运用时标明。
? i am thinking how to work out the problem.? ? i think she is a good student.?
当宾语从句富含否定概念时，一般方法上否定think ，但意义上却是不是定宾语从句。
i dont think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing 方法或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是。?
i have thought about it for a long time.? ? ?please think about how to tell her the bad news.?
(3)think of 标明， 一般用于疑问句中，与what 连用。
? ? what do you think of the tv play? = how do you like the tv play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述描述词都标明，但侧要点及程度不一样。
? (1) big指具体事物的巨细，偏重比正常形体的标准大，既可用在一般场合， 也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身段巨大或之意。如：?
can you lift up this big stone?? ? on the last day i made a big decision.
(2) large特别偏重远远跨越标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：
a whale is a large animal.? ? a large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了标明数量体积之大外，又指笼统的程度，意味着巨大性，重要性， 优胜性；常用于笼统
或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有等意思，富含必定的豪情颜色。如：
china is a great country with a long history.? ? he was one of the greatest scientists.
3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay?
(1) cost标明，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语有必要是物。）the book cost me five yuan.?
(2) take的主语是动词不定式, 一般用it做方法主语。it took me five yuan to buy the book..?
(3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人i spent five yuan on (for) the book.或i spent five yuan (in) buying the book.?
(4) pay的主语是人。i paid five yuan for the book.?
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
这四个词在谈论到价格的凹凸时，要留心运用。expensive与high触及到价格。
(1) expensive名贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到时其主语不能是价格，有必要是货品、物品本身。如：this watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。these glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。
留心：cheap标明，其主语也不能是价格，有必要是物品本身。如：
the cheap table was bought from him. 这张廉价的桌子是他卖给咱们的。
this cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很廉价。
(2)high在标明价格时，意义是，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只
能用在价格上。如：the price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。
the price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。
下面咱们试看几个语句的正误对照：
the price of this computer is expensive.(宜改为：this computer is expensive. 或the price of this computer is high. )
the price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.(宜改为：this pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 the price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 与alone的意思比照接近，但在运用时有所差异：
(1)lonely用作描述词，意思是，不指心思上孤寂的感触。
she was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.她被带到一个荒岛上，自个居住，但她从不感到孤寂。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作“不久今后”讲，切不要按字面译为“长时刻早年”或“好久早年”。如：
we hope to finish our experiment before long. 咱们期望不久（今后）就把实验做完。
(2)long before 作。long before 跟before long?
不一样，前者在这今后边可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文清楚时，名词或从句还可以省掉。before long 则没有上述分配用法。they began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 咱们昨日初步做实验，但咱们在那早年好久就现已做预备了。
7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是连词，意思是，（偏重一起，一般接连时刻不长），如：
as we were talking about titanic, our teacher came in. 合理咱们谈论这部影片时，教师进来了。
the students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。
(2)when和as相同都是连词，留心它们的不一样。如when（一般标明动作紧接着发生）；
（等立连词，前有逗号分隔）i stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一向呆到太阳下山，那时天初步下雨了。
(3)while是（偏重一起发生，一般接连时刻较长）例如：while i was watching tv, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时分，他正在看书。while there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有期望。?
8. beat/win/ hit?
(1)beat 是动词，意思是如：
?i can beat you at swimming.?
(2)win意思是。如：he won a game. 他胜一局。we won a match. 咱们竞赛取胜。
(3)hit意思是）。如：the mother hit her child out of anger. 母亲生气，打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing偏重标明。如：the girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一向在哭。the baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿接连睡了大约四个小时。
(2)keep on doing 标明，不标明中止状况。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类
词连用。如：it kept on raining for seven days. dont keep on asking such silly questions.?
10. get/ turn/ become
这三个词都可作系动词用，标明状况的改变，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不一样。get偏重情感、气候和环境的改变；turn偏重颜色的改变；而become则偏重职务、职称等的改变。如：?
the days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白日越来越短。she couldnt answer the question and her face turned red．她答复不出疑问，脸红了。when did you become a teacher? - ten years ago.你啥时分当的教师？十年前。
11. steal / rob
从意思上讲steal标明偷盗的意思。而rob标明掠取的意思；从分配上来讲，steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：he stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.they robbed the bank of one million dollars.
12. see/look/watch/notice
在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”的意思，要留心他们的差异。
see意为“看到”，标明视觉器官有知道或无知道地看到物体，偏重“看到”的成果。
look意为“看”，标明有知道地观看，偏重“看”的动作。
watch意为“观看，凝视”，指以较大的留心力观看。
notice意为“看到，留心到”，指有知道的留心，富含从不留心到留心的改变的意义。例如：
what can you see in the picture？在图像中你能看到啥？
look! how happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多高兴啊！
he’s watched tv for over two hours．他看了两个多小时的电视。
he noticed a purse lying on the road．他留心到地上有个钱包。
13. shoot/ shoot at
shoot是及物动词，意思是“射中，射死”，宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组，意为“向……射击”，至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如：
the man shot five birds in the forest．那自个在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。the hunter shot at the bear．猎人朝熊射击了。they shot at the she－wolf， but didnt shoot her．他们向那只母狼射击，可是没有射中／死。
14. escape/ run away
(1)escape作“出逃”、“逃脱”或“躲避”讲时，一般会有成功之意。如：the old man escaped death．那个老人九死终身。the thief escaped from prison．那个小偷越狱了。?
(2)run away作“出逃”、“跑走”讲时，一般偏重动作。如：dont let him run away． 别让他跑了。
口语中escape和run away可以互用。
15. so that..../ so... that....
(1) so that....为了，以便 。引导一个意图状语从句，从句中一般有神态动词。也可引导一个成果状语从句。如：
i left at 5:00 so that i could catch the early bus.? ? speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.?
he didnt study english so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.
(2) so... that....既可引导一个成果状语从句，也可引导一个意图状语从句。
如：the classroom was so noisy that i could hardly study. i got up so early in the morning that i could catch the train.
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元首要会集在：
1. 曩昔将来时；?
2. 曩昔结束时；
3. 动词不定式；
4. 定语从句；
5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
6. 本单元学过的交际用语。
考试方法可所以单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和结束语句。
【中考典范】
1.?
? he wanted to know ______________.
? a. whether he speaks at the meeting? ? ?b. when the meeting would start
b. what he’s going to do at the meeting? d. where would the meeting be held
【解析】答案：b。该题查询的是宾语从句的语序和时态。因为主句的时态是一般曩昔时，所以从句使用曩昔将来时，这就打扫了a和b。宾语从句的时态大约是陈述句的语序，所以只需b是对的。
2. (2004年烟台市中考试题)
? ---why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday? ---because i ___________ it before.
a. had watched? b. have seen? c. have watched? d. had seen
【解析】答案：d。该题查询的是动词的分配以及如今结束时和曩昔结束时的用法差异。看影片习气商用see a movie, 又因为说的昨日早年发生的作业，大约用曩昔结束时。只需d正确。
3. (2004年重庆市中考试题)
? ---did you win the football game?---bad luck. our team __________ in the final one.
a. won? b. beat? c. was won? d. was beaten
【解析】答案：d。该题查询的是动词分配和动词的语态。动词win一般和竞赛一类的词连用，不与人或队连用，因而可以打扫a和c。beat是个及物动词，已然咱们的命运不好，就是输了，大约用被逼语态。

4. ---who is the man ________ was talking to our english teacher?? ---oh! it’s mr baker, our maths teacher.
a. he? b. that? c. whom? d. which
【解析】答案：b。该题查询的是引导定语从句联络代词的选择。因为先行词是人，可以打扫a和d。而该词在定语从句中作主语，只需b适合。





相关内容推荐：