超有用的18个英语口译技巧(下)英语口译学习
2023-06-27 06:19:04 | 人围观 | 评论:
- 2023-06-27 06:19:04超有用的18个英语口译技巧(下)英语口译学习
原标题：超有用的18个英语口译技巧（下） | 英语口译学习
十、记笔记：华章笔记法（note-taking: textual form）
许多的华章笔记操练有助于咱们领会重要信息、非有必要信息和非重要信息的特征，避免“芝麻西瓜齐抓共管，胡子眉毛尽数拔光”。记笔记时最佳用一本上下可翻用的笔记本，留心在笔记页的上、下、左、右都留出必定的空间用来记载后置的信息，所记的每一条信息应自占一行，所用的各项笔记符号要清楚，避免翻译时因粗心难辨而误译。
华章笔记的练习可选用以下进程：
1、学生自个朗读或由别人以正常速度朗读两三页书，然后用通用、标准符号或特性化的代码记笔记；
2、根据心记和笔记的内容，从头写出听到的全文，然后与原文进行
3、对致使差错或遗失的口译记载符号不齐备之处进行分析，加以完善。
十一、词语选用（diction）
在学生了解口译培训中“传递意义”的原理后，教育的要点应放在经过许多口译实习，归纳一些常用的处置办法和技巧，如增词、减词、兼并、重复、意译等。活络运用词量增减、词类变换、正面反说、语态变换等翻译技巧，可以协助咱们妥善处置内容与方法之间的敌对，使译文做到内容忠诚、文字通畅、行文简练、清楚易懂。
1、增词法
原文：只需依法运营，照章交税，维护职工的合法权益，而且契合平安和环保的需求，咱们撑持和鼓舞个别私营公司打开，这是扩展作业的一个非常重要的途径。
译文：so long as these enterprises operate in accordance with law, pay taxes in accordance with regulation; so long as these enterprises meet the safety environmental standards, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the employees, the government would support and actually encourage their growth because their development will be very important for the creation of more job opportunities.
“依法运营，照章交税，维护职工的合法权益”和“契合平安和环保的需求”口译时所需时刻相对来说稍长，为了便利听众了解这儿添加了 so long as。
2、重复法
原文：咱们将在商场准入、税收、告贷和进出口等方面，给个别私营公司以对等的待遇。
译文：we should ensure a leveled play field, in that leveled play field the individually-owned pr private-owned enterprises will get the same treatment when it comes to market access, taxation, loan equitation, import and export businesses.
舌人一初步就偏重了“对等”，重复leveled play field可以协助舌人争夺时刻非常好地收拾信息。
3、省掉法
原文：在我国变革翻开和现代化缔造打开的要害时期，咱们举办这样一个承上启下、继往开来的大会具有极为重要的意义。
译文：with china’s reform and opening up and socialist modernization drive at the critical stage, it is of extremely great significance for us to have convened such a congress that builds on the past and prepares for the future.
汉语讲究重复、对仗和韵律；英语则讲究简练，避不必词重复、语义堆叠。“承上启下”与“继往开来”在语义上不一样不大，口译时只需译出其间之一，而不必烦琐地译出inherits the past and ushers in the future, and builds on the past and prepares for the future.
4、直译法
原文：如今伊拉克的局势现已箭在弦上，剑拔弩张。可是，只需有一线期望，就不该扔掉经过政治方法处置的尽力。
译文：now with regard to the situation in iraq, the arrow has already been placed on the bow, it is a touch-and-go situation. however, so long as there is a piece of hope, we will not give up our effort for a peaceful political settlement.
5、意译法
原文：时刻很短，我长话短说。
译文：time is very limited, so i will be very brief.
6、反译法
原文：只需让公民监督政府，政府才不会松懈。只需人人负起责任来，才不会人亡政息。
译文：only when the public are asked to supervise the government, the government cannot afford to slacken its efforts, and only when every person assumes his or her responsibility, can we ensure the vigor and vitality of government.
有时原文直译出来给人的感触不好，这时反过来译会获满足想不到的作用。
7、弥补布景材料
原文：您早年说过，咱们必定会走出前史上“黄宗羲规则”这个怪圈。请问您认为咱们的税费变革怎么才干走出这个怪圈。
译文：you once said that china would definitely be able to break the vicious cycle of the law of huang zongxi, which means, in history, tax reforms aimed at reducing the farmer’s burden always ended up exacerbating their burden. i wonder how can we break the vicious cycle?
口译时要根据听众对论题的晓得恰当弥补布景材料，便利听众了解。
十二、长句处置（dealing with long sentences）
英语长句的特征是规划整？，逻辑详尽，为了避免重复运用同一个词，用who、which或that替代主语和宾语，翻译时要留心根据意群，将其拆解为简略句，再根据逻辑联络归纳运用倒置、重组和兼并等办法译成地道的汉语。而汉语长句的特征是“形散神不散”，需要舌人根据语句内在的逻辑进行重组，特别在处置典型的“包孕型”长句时，舌人应运用分流等技巧。
1、句首分流法
原文：至于公民币的完全可安适兑换，也就是说在本钱商场上面也安适兑换，这个依照咱们预定的变革进程是要往后，需要必定的时刻。
译文：with regard to when the full convertibility of rmb can be realized, that is to say, the convertibility of rmb also under the capital account, according to our set schedule, that would take some time.
汉语中有不少以“关于”、“关于”、“至于”等分流词引导出的规划，英语也有分流引导词，如with regard to…, with reference to…, as for…, on the question of…,等等。
2、尾有些流法
原文：if you have a lot of personal freedom, some people may abuse it. but if you are so afraid of personal freedom because of the abuse, that you limit people’s freedom too much, that you pay, i believe, an even greater price in a world where the whole economy is based on ideas and information and exchange and debate and children everywhere dreams and feeling they can live their dreams out.
译文：假定可以具有太多自个安适，有些人或许会乱用这些安适。可是假定因为过分于担忧安适被乱用就对自个安适胸怀惊骇，那么人类的安适就会被捆绑太多，付出的价值会更大，因为如今的这个世界，整个经济打开是树立在思维、信息、交流、争辩的基础上；在这个世界里，孩子们都胸怀愿望，而且信赖愿望都会完成。
3、重组法
原文：so today, i want to talk to you about what i believe has to be the agenda of a leader of any enterprise—business ,government agency, university, hospital, bank anywhere in the world—the agenda regarding this technology.
译文：所以，今日我想和各位谈一谈信息技能，我认为它必定已列入世界各地企作业机关领导人的议事日程，不管是公司、政府部分、大学、医院仍是银行。
4、倒置法
原文：we have to choose between a global market driven only by calculations of short-term profit, and one which has a human face; between a world which condemns a quarter of the human face to starvation and squalor, and one which offers everyone at least a free-for-all in which we ignore the fate of losers, and a future in which the strong and successful accept their responsibilities, showing global vision and leadership.
译文： 咱们是要一个由短期获利预算来驱动的全球商场，仍是要一个赋有情面味的全球商场？咱们是要一个使世界四分之一的人员处于饥饿境地和恶劣环境，仍是要一个为每自个供给致富机缘和安康环境？咱们是情愿如今陷于一场无视失利者命运的自私的混战之中，仍是在将来变成登高望远、具领袖风仪、勇于承担责任的强者和成功者？这悉数都需要咱们做出选择。
5、兼并法
原文: in recent history, china, as a nation, and we, as a people, have been through days of glory and times of despair. we have lived through days of hope, prosperity and glory. we have lived through days of despair, humiliation and hopelessness. the lesson is clear: the most precious possession of any nation or any people is the ability to chart one’s own future, to be the master of one’s destiny.
译文: 中华民族的近代前史阅历了荣辱兴衰，这儿的经历是清楚的：一个国家一个民族最可贵的是可以方案自个的将来，掌控自个的命运。
6、归纳法
原文：第二点，咱们在香港回归今后，一向期望香港能提前走向昌盛。如今香港已饱尝到东南亚金融危机影响了。这样，港元在坚持联络汇率。公民币价值降低，对港元联络汇率将是很晦气的，香港能顶得住吗？假定香港再下来今后，那么对咱们整个大陆的经济又将发生啥影响呢？所认为了香港的经济平稳，公民币不能价值降低，这是第二个影响。
译文：second, we have always hoped that hong kong will move towards prosperity as quickly as possible after its return. now hong kong is hit by the financial crisis and it is trying to maintain a pegged exchange rate. the devaluation of rmb is very unfavorable to the pegging. if hong kong collapses, the impact on the economy of the mainland areas will be huge. therefore, rmb should not be devalued for the stability of hong kong.
十三、熟语和引语（idioms and quotations）
口译常常碰到讲话人颇有文采地（或为调和宾主联络）引证对方国家的古典诗词和经典佳句。此时假定舌人平常不留心前进自个的文学本质就可以堕入窘境。所以培训时要在不断前进双语水平的一起，学习一些常用熟语和引语的一起，培育根据上下文语境进行精确而活络的、说明性翻译的才能。
熟语翻译
心照不宣：give it an understanding but no tongue.
弄巧成拙：to paint the lily
好大喜功：to aim at the moon
捡了芝麻，丢了西瓜：penny wise, pound foolish
因祸得福，焉知非福：a blessing in disguise
一个不老到的主意：a green thought
引语翻译
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎：it is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.
生于忧患，死于安乐：(as the ancient motto goes,) one prospers in worries and hardship, and perishes in ease and comfort.
在我当总理以来，我心里总默念着林则徐的两句诗：“苟利国家存亡以，岂因祸福避趋之”: i will do whatever to serve my country at the cost of my life regardless of fortune and misfortune.
说起台湾，我就很动情，忍不住想起了一位辛亥改造的老人、国民党元老于右任在他临终前写过的一首哀歌：“葬我于山上兮，望我大陆，大陆不见兮，只需痛哭。葬我于山上兮，望我故乡，故乡不可以见兮，永不能忘。山苍苍，野苍莽。山之上，国有殇。”：when taiwan is mentioned, lots of feelings well up. i can’t help thinking of the late mr.yu youren, a founding member of guo ming dang, and participant of the revolution of 1911. he wrote a poem to express his grief over national division. he wrote such a poem: bury me on the highest mountain top so that i can get a sight of my mainland, mainland i see none, tears of sorrow cascade; bury me on the highest mountain top so i can get a glimpse of my hometown, hometown i see none, but it lived forever in my mind. the lofty sky is deeply blue, the vast openness not seen through, oh, boundless universe, would you hear me, and this elegy of this nation?
十四、技能性论题（interpreting technical speeches）
舌人常被戏称为“万金油”，意指啥领域都懂一点，但又不是专家。这也标明晰舌人有必要涉猎广泛，在很短的三五天里经过上网查找、阅览有关材料然后抵达恰当于讲演者的常识水平。其实，舌人并没有啥天才基因，可以在短时刻内掌控“863”方案顶尖技能或三聚氢胺的分子构成，只不过他们晓得讲话人和听众都是“心有灵犀”的业界人士，需要的只是一些联接术语的逻辑联络而已，这样舌人在晓得有关布景常识以及作业程序后，也能极好地起到桥梁作用。当然，大约鼓舞学生最佳尽量了解论题，有条件的还大约选择一个方向作深化研讨获举荐有专业布景的人来做这一论题。例如：
原文：
1、中医认为，阴与阳存在于人体内，彼此作用，互为依存。根据中医的哲学观，阴阳两者敌对制约，互根互用，消长平衡，彼此转化。阴阳平衡是安康的要素，阴阳失衡会影响安康，致使疾病。因而，中医非常注重调度阴阳以保平衡。
2、we were aboard two us air force craft that flew at night from the united kingdom to israel, then back through the azores to florida. the path allowed us to observe the meteors—some no bigger than a grain of sand—from an altitude of 11-and-a-half kilometers. images of the meteors were fed through infrared spectrographic-instruments that can detect the unique chemical fingerprints of complex organic molecules of the type that may have seeded life on earth.
译文：
1、the tcm science maintains that yin and yang, (the two opposing and complementary principles in nature,) exist in human body, mutually functional and dependent. according to the philosophical view of tcm, the two aspects of yin and yang are mutually promoting, proportionally changing with the decrease of one resulting in, or from, the increase of the other, and mutually transformational. the balance of yin and yang is essential for the maintenance of good health. and if the balance is upset, health will be hurt and illness will develop. therefore, tcm pays close attention to the effort of regulating yin and yang and maintaining an appropriate balance between the two.
2、咱们乘坐两架美国空军的飞机，晚上从英国飞往以色列，然后经过亚速尔群岛，飞回佛罗里达，这条航线使咱们可以从11500米的高度调查流星雨，有些流星细小如沙。流星颗粒被摄入红外线摄谱仪，它能勘探到那种可以在地球上耕种生命的凌乱有机分子的一起化学痕迹。
十五、顺译（interpreting similar word orders）
顺译是指尽可以依照句中概念或意群呈现的先后次序将原语全体意思译出。
英汉两种言语在语序和词序上有很大差异，顺译可以减轻回想的压力，可是将切分隔的意群在尽可以削减移位的条件下联接起来则需要必定的技巧。在以下例句中，斜线标明断句处，“+”标明弥补信息，可以选用顺译法处置：
1、there are still 10 minutes/ before we call it a day.
还有10分钟，咱们就下课。
2、my visit to china comes on an important anniversary, as the vice president mentioned.
我对我国的造访，正逢一个重要的周年岁念，这正如副主席方才说的那样。
3、the conference will resume/ at 6 p.m./ after the board has met privately.
会议六点持续进行，董事会在此之前先要碰个头。
4、prof. smith asked us not to be afraid of mistakes/ in practicing interpreting.
史密斯教授叫咱们不要惧怕犯错，特别是在操练口译的时分。
5、关于外界称我为“我国的戈尔巴乔夫”也罢，“经济沙皇”也罢，我都不高兴。
whatever the foreign media call me, either “china’s gorbachev” or “economic czar”, or anything else, i am not happy about that.
6、please allow me to say something/ on behalf of/ my colleagues of abc organization.
请答应我说几句话，来代表咱们abc组织的火伴们表达咱们的心意。
7、the answer to the question of/ whether we should continue to hold the meeting as planned depends in part on when the epidemic disease is curbed.
疑问的答案在于，咱们是不是可以持续按方案举办会议，有些地取决于啥时分那种感患病会得到控制。
以上各句的译文听起来尽管不是那么顺畅，可是在视译和同声传译等特定的场合却是舌人必不可以少的翻译技能。
十六、视译(sight interpretation)
在正式场合，讲话人稳重起见进行念稿讲话，因为事前预备的讲稿言语华美，逻辑紧密，不像即席讲话那么简略了解和回想，再加上速度较快，舌人很难跟上讲话人的速度、精确无误地传递原语意思。这时一般需求舌人作视译，也就是舌人一边看着讲话人手中相同的讲话稿，一边快速地翻译。舌人除了活络运用上一课叙说的顺译技巧外，好要留心讲话人的速度，最佳做到讲话人话音刚落，翻译的声响也随即中止。翻译时还要留心讲话人是不是暂时刺进说明或比方，到时还需作无稿翻译。
十七、活络应变（dealing with unexpected situations）
1、遇到听不理解的词怎么办？
翻译时，最怕遇到听不理解的词。战胜这一妨碍的仅有办法是口译人员应培育自个的猜测和猜测才能。当然，事前充分晓得必要的布景材料和常识是非常重要的。这样做，舌人就能心中稀有，晓得说话人要谈到啥方面的内容。舌人在这个基础前进行翻译，即便遇到单个不会的词，根据上下文，根据对整个说话精力的领会，也可以将全句内容猜测出来。千万不能被一个词卡住，而不能将翻译使命持续下去。
遇到生词比方：
原文：another terrible environmental event took place in the united states in 1993. 400,000people in milwaukee, wisconsin, became sick from the drinking water. more than fifty people died. an organism in the water called cryptosporidium was to blame.
译文：另一次可怕的环境污染作业发生在1993年。美国威斯康星州弭尔沃基市40万人因饮用水污染患病，50多人去世。水中一种有机物是首恶巨恶。
这儿cryptosporidium的专业术语是“隐性担孢子”，可以用音译的办法直接读出，也可以用一个笼统的描绘性词语“有机物”来阐明一下。
2、如何在现场纠正传译中的差错？
译职作业中面临无量的精力压力，特别是晓得又懂双语的阻滞或担任监听翻译质量和录音录像人员在场时，再加上较长时刻会集留心力以求快速和精确地传译，不免发生漏译和误译。如何大大方方地在现场纠正差错也是一门技巧。舌人发现自个译错后，假定是小错，只需是不影响全局的，则不必纠正，可在接下来的译语中天然地换用正确的词语；假定发现自个的内容呈现了大的差错，则有必要当即纠正，可以清楚地说：“方才这点翻译错了，大约译为……”千万不能顾及自个的体面而给会议构成丢掉。
轻度误译
原文：in terms of the question of what to do to prevent you from becoming infected by the sars virus, i notice that many people wearing masks outside.
译文：关于方才提出的怎样避免感染sars病毒的疑问，我想说的是我留心到这个房间外面的人也是戴着口罩的。（许多人在户外也戴着口罩）
招认差错
原文：i’d like to add one thing to the question about whether sars can be avoided in shanghai. i think it’s really an important question. i think obviously the only way to really avoid it is to build a wall around shanghai from anybody into shanghai.
译文：方才有记者说到是不是上海可以避免这个sars，我想要做的谈论是上海现已初步一场战争，而这场战争如今还没有结束。
在座的记者们纷繁纠正，舌人当即抱愧道：excuse me, i didn’t catch you.所以讲话人了解地重述方才的说话the only way to avoid sars , truly ensure that no sars coming into shanghai, is to build a wall around shanghai from anybody coming into shanghai.
重译：假定上海想完全避免sars的话只能建一堵墙把一切人挡在外面。
漏译后的弥补
原文：您方才说到了一季度的工业增加情况。
译文：just now
you mentioned the progress that has been made in the first quarter of this year, in terms of the growth rate of industrial production.
3、碰到讲话人说?俣裙煸趺窗欤?br>
遇到这种情况时，舌人可以请讲话人讲得稍慢些。但有的人说话快已成习气，很难战胜。这时舌人必定要稳住，不能着急，要细心分析整段的内容，紧紧捉住中心思维译出即可。这种情况进一步阐明晰平常归纳才能练习的重要性。
十8、挥洒自若（practice makes an interpreter）
高档舌人在大型世界会议上的又一体现不是一蹴即至的，每一次精彩的传译，每一次成功的商洽，都凝集着舌人平常将持不懈的练习和堆集。口译作业之凌乱，对舌人的需求之高，也并非片言只语就可悉数，所以学员大约自觉地进行课后操练。就像飞机驾御员在练习中有必要有必定的“飞翔小时”才干够正式上岗相同，舌人也有必要练够1000“磁带小时”才会有较大的前进。
影子操练：
多观摩优良舌人的场上体现，如我国领导人的新闻发布会，听完讲话人说话后，试着跟舌人一同做口译；平常看电视或听收音机时也可做跟读操练，练习各种论题的跟述和了解。
磁带小时：
除了课堂操练外，每天花约两个小时对各种与课文有关体裁的说话或报刊、电视节目，如cctv-9的dialogue节目，进行复述和口译操练，并进行录音，之后对录音的操练进行分析，不断总结和前进。
用心堆集：
平常日子中也要做一个有心人，留心搜集新词汇，新表达法，激起自个对任何事物进行描绘和口译的快乐喜爱。
现场实习：
另外i，有条件的学校还可以逐渐地组织学生跟着作业舌人到口译现场去感触真实的作业环境，这种真实的领会和经历堆集是课堂培训最佳的弥补。学生们在一起领会舌人和听众两层身份后，更简略吸收培训的理念，更活泼地投入到严峻有序的
自我练习中去，然后打破“舌人是天然生成的，而不可以能后天培育出来的(interpreters are born, not made)”的神话。言而总之，“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”，对口译练习也不破例，挥洒自若，只需咱们勤学苦练，就定能攻破口译难关。
编者语：自己花一周总结了高级教育出书社出书的《英语口译实习》上介绍的18个口译技能，期望它能对广大口译喜爱者的学习有杰出的辅导作用。回来搜狐，查看更多
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