2022-05-25 08:09:08 | 人围观 | 评论:
第一讲 词类和句子成分
每一个英语学习者都离不开背单词,自从学习英语之后,我们几乎每天都要背单词。但是根据我的调查,很多初学者对于单词的分类并不重视,甚至有些模糊不清。要知道分清词类是学好英语的重要关键。英语的词类主要包括:
Noun (n.)
人或事物的名称
teacher, school, family, tea, air, work, difficulty
形容词
Adjectives (adj.)
人或事物的特征
big, tall, happy, beautiful, active, rainy, golden, good
副词
Adverbs (adv.)
动作特征或性状特征
very, happily, well, really, simply, carefully,
代词
Pronouns (pron.)
代替名词,数词等
I, he, she, they, many something, anything,
数词
Numerals (num.)
数目或顺序
one, two, nine, hundred, first, second, ninth, twelfth
动词
Verbs (v.)
动作或状态
like, run, jump, come, succeed, work, love
冠词
Articles (art.)
用在名词前,说明其意义
a, an, the
介词
Prepositions (prep.)
用在名词,代词等前面,说明它与别的词之间的关系
for, from, in, on, under, before, after, by, about, at, up, until, past, since, till, to
连词
Conjunctions (conj.)
连接词与词或句与句
and, but, if, as, because, not only…but also…
除以上这些,还有感叹词,但是不作为重点介绍。
不同的词类在句子中作的成分不同,我们看以下的例子:
Success means a lot to me. (名词,做主语)
I wish you success. (名词,做宾语)
I’m sure we’ll succeed. (动词,做谓语)
It was a successful meeting. (形容词,做定语)
We successfully finished the exam. (副词英语句子成分分析例句,做状语)
同样都有“成功”的意思,在不同情况下需要不同的词类来表示。
我们再看以下的例子:
I have a round table. (adj.) 我有一张圆桌子。
The students sit round the table. (prep.) 学生们围着桌子坐下。
Mr. Black showed us round in the city. (adv.) 布莱克先生带着我们在城市里转了转。
Let’s have another round (of the drink) (n.) 再上一轮(酒)
英语的许多词是由同一词根变化而来英语句子成分分析例句,例如care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessly, carefulness, courage, courageous, courageously, encourage, discourage这些词相互联系英语句子成分分析例句,在背单词时联系起来记忆比较容易,运用时也比较方便。
句子的成分
句子最重要的成分是主语和谓语,可以说是最基本的成分。看下面两个例句:
The classroom is big.
They are good (people).
主语一般由名词或代词担任,谓语由动词担任,也可以由系动词(主要是be, am, is, are等)加形容词或名词担任,称为表语。我们称为系表结构。上面两个例句中的is big和are good (people)就是系表结构。
宾语,一般由名词来担任。用在及物动词后面
We love our teacher.
They have built another school.
定语,主要由形容词来担任
China is a (great) country.
Do you have anything (interesting) to tell us?
形容词通常放在被修饰名词的前面,需要特别注意的是在修饰something, anything, nothing等这一类复合代词的时候,则放在后面,这是英语考试中经常测试的一个语法点。
状语,主要由副词来担任,可以修饰动词,形容词,副词甚至是整个句子。
She runs [fast]. (修饰动词)
He is [very] active about the studying. (修饰形容词)
She runs [really] fast. (修饰副词)
总结:
英语单词的词类很重要,我们一定要养成一个好的习惯,那就是在背单词的时候同时掌握并记住它的主要词性,这样就知道这个能在句子中担任哪种成分。
了解句子的主要成分,哪一部分是主语,是谓语,宾语还是定语或状语等等。养成这样一个好的习惯,就会快速掌握句子的结构,提高理解能力和阅读速度。再加以练习,慢慢就会写出相对复杂的句子,甚至是好的英语作文。
练习题
1)Wang Feng is a singer. (China / Chinese)
思考:主语是 ,系表结构是
2)That boy specially likes music. (electricity / electronic)
思考:主语是英语句子成分分析例句:第一讲 英语的词类和句子成分,谓语是 ,定语是 修饰
状语是 修饰
3)He (usually / usual) reads books in the school library.
思考:in the school library是句子的什么成分?
4)You don’t look well. You should look after your . (health / healthy)
思考:well 是形容词还是副词?为什么?
5)My father always gets up .(early / earlier) every day.
思考:这个句子中有几个副词?分别是?
6)I can see the blackboard .(clear / clearly)
7) All the (winners / win) will get prizes.
8) I don’t like going shopping because it’s . (bore / boring/ bored)
思考:系表结构中的表语由 词 担任
9)Parents hope their children can get good . (education / educational)
10) He wants to be a . He made a great by takingclass. (success / successful) (actor / acting)
下一讲将进入名词环节,为大家详细讲解名词的数。
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