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2022年北京工商大学357英语翻译基础考研真题和答案——才聪考研

2022-09-25 06:18:27 | 人围观 | 评论:


《英语翻译根本》测验引导

整日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)钻研生入学测验统共有四门测验科目:《政治理论》,总分100分;《翻译硕士英语》,总分100分;《英语翻译根本》总分150分;《汉语写作和百科常识》,总分150分。《英语翻译根本》是整日制翻译硕士专业学位钻研生入学测验的根本课测验科目,重点考查考生的英汉互译专业技术和潜质。

本章经由过程对《英语翻译根本》测验纲领的解读和对《英语翻译根本》试题的阐发,指导考生领会宏观备考标的目的,并为考生供给详细可行的备考法子,使考生乐成迈出《英语翻译根本》备考之旅的第一步。

1.1《英语翻译根本》纲领解读

天下翻译硕士专业学位教诲引导委员会按照《整日制翻译硕士专业学位钻研生引导性培育方案》和培育高条理、利用型、专业性口笔译人材的教诲方针,制订了整日制翻译硕士专业学位钻研生入学测验纲领,此中,《英语翻译根本》测验纲领详细内容以下:

1、测验目标

《英语翻译根本》是整日制翻译硕士专业学位钻研生入学测验的根本课测验科目,其目标是考查考生的英汉互译实践能力是不是到达进入MIT进修阶段的程度。

2、测验性子及范畴

本测验是测试考生是不是具有根本翻译能力的标准参照性程度测验。测验的范畴包含MTI考生入学应具有的英语辞汇量、语法常识和英汉两种说话转换的根基技术。

3、测验根基请求

1具有必定中外文化,和政治、经济、法令等方面的布景常识。

2.具有扎实的英汉两种说话的根基功。

3.具有较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。

4、测验情势

本测验采纳客观试题与主观试题相连系,单项技术测试与综合技术测试相连系的法子,夸大考生的英汉/汉英转换能力。试题分类拜见“测验内容一览表”。

5、测验内容:

本测验包含二个部门:词语翻译和英汉互译。总分150分。

I.词语翻译

1.测验请求

请求考生正确翻译中英文术语或专着名词。

2.题型

请求考生较为正确地写出题中的30个汉/英术语、缩略语或专着名词的对应目标语。汉/英文各15个,每一个1分,总分30分。测验时候为60分钟。

II.英汉互译

请求应试者具有英汉互译的根基技能和能力;开端领会中国和目标语国度的社会、文化等布景常识;译文忠厚原文,无较着误译、漏译;译文畅通,用词准确、表达根基无误;译文无较着语法毛病;英译汉速率每小时250-350个英语单词,汉译英速率每小时150-250个汉字。

请求考生较为正确地翻译出所给的文章,英译汉为250-350个单词,汉译英为150-250个汉字,各占60分,总分150分。测验时候为180分钟。

《英语翻译根本》测验内容一览表

经由过程纲领描写的测验目标、性子、范畴、根基请求、情势和内容,如下几点考生应予以注重:

1.翻译速率请求

纲领划定《英汉翻译根本》测验时候为180分钟,请求学生的英译汉翻译速率为每小时250-350个英语单词,汉译英为每小时150-250个汉字。

而天下翻译专业资历(程度)测验英语笔译三级请求英译汉翻译速率为100分钟500-650个单词,汉译英翻译速率为80分钟300-400个汉字。经由过程比力可知,《英汉翻译根本》翻译速率请求大致至关于或略低于天下翻译专业资历(程度)测验英语笔译三级翻译速率请求,客观来说,在180分钟内完成《英汉翻译根本》这套试卷,题量其实不算大,测验时候仍是比力余裕的。

可是,必要注重的是,因为各院校自立命题,个体院校试题的题量可能与纲领请求略有收支,乃至题量偏大,考生在日常平凡操练进程中,在翻译速率方面决不克不及掉以轻心。

2.翻译质量请求

纲领请求考生具有扎实的英汉两种说话的根基功,可以或许正确翻译中英文术语或专着名词,译文忠厚原文,无较着误译、漏译;译文畅通,用词准确、表达根基无误;译文无较着语法毛病。因而可知,该测验重要考核“信”、“达”、“雅”翻译尺度中比力根本的“信”和“达”,此中以“信”为最焦点的请求。以是考生在备考中,应掌控“正确”这个焦点,熬炼翻译根基功,而非寻求花梢的词语和表达方法,注意直译,在翻译顶用词要正确、语法要准确、意思要完备、行文要畅通,固然,在包管正确转达原辞意思的环境下,译文说话的美感也可为试卷锦上添花。

3.常识布景请求

纲领请求考生具有必定中外文化,和政治、经济、法令等方面的布景常识。因而可知,该测验对学生常识储蓄能力请求较高,不但有文化方面,另有时事政治、经济商业、法令政策等各个范畴。考生在备考进程中,应当经由过程报刊、收集等前言遍及浏览各范畴常识,拓宽本身的常识面,加深文化素养。

充沛的布景常识是理解原文的根本,而理解原文是翻译的重要步调。任何文本都依靠于特定的“文化语境”(在社科范畴此特性尤其凸起),一个超卓的译者必需起首是一个真正意义上的文化人。文化差别常常是翻译的一大停滞,不斟酌文化差别的翻译常常会与原文作者想要表达的意思有收支,乃至截然不同。译者只有深谙源说话的民族文化,才能跨越文化差别边界,译出天然、隧道的文章。

篇章翻译

第1节故事(Stories)

Practice 1

吴师长教师具有一名西席应具有的一切前提,只是不长于开导学生。他像钟表同样守时,像奴隶船上的一位荡舟工那样辛劳地备课。授课时,凡援用书华夏文,他人或许会照本宣科念给学生听,他却无论篇幅多长,都要全数背下来。论述任何问题,他都是“第一……,第二……”层次清楚,活像一名教官在练兵,有点干巴,但毫不会空洞。他不是那种滔滔不绝讲得口不择言,细想却让人不知所云的西席。他讲的工具全都是有内容的,可能概念不全准确,但最少不会放空炮。

他从不借题发挥地提出任何概念,老是十分明白有力地表达出来。换句话说,他从不怕对任何定见暗示本身的立场。对付一些汗青史实,特别是百科全书和各类参考书中可以找到的史实,吴师长教师是自作掩饰的。你只能和他公道地争辩有关观赏或阐释的问题。也恰是在这方面,吴师长教师表露了他的弱点。

可是这一弱点,其实不是因为说理不清或立意不诚,这个弱点是人文主义者所具备的概念中固有的,并且是作为白碧德(Babbit; Babbitian)人文主义者所固有的。遗憾的是吴师长教师使本身被白碧德人文主义吸引住了,使得他的所有概念无不染上白碧德人文主义的色采。伦理和艺术可悲地胶葛在一块儿,你经常搞不清他是在阐释文学问题呢,仍是在宣讲品德问题。(489字)(杭州电子科技大学2014研)

【参考译文】

Mr. Wu is everything that a teacher ought to be, except to be inspiring. Punctual as a clock, he works like a galley-slave at his lectures. Where others would read a quotation out of a book, he would memorize it, however long it might be. He is as orderly as a drill-sergeant in the exposition of any subject, with his “firstly this” and “secondly that.”

Dull, perhaps; but never pointless. He is not one of those teachers, who talk of everything and say nothing. What he says does mean something: it may be wrong, but at least it is not hot air. He never hedges about any point; he always puts his foot plump on it. In other words, he is never afraid of co妹妹itting himself to an opinion. On matters of fact, especially of those facts which are to be found in encyclopedias and books of reference, Mr. Wu is unimpeachable.

One can only fairly quarrel with him on matters of taste or of interpretation. In these, Mr. Wu shows his weakness; but it is not a weakness, due to haziness or any failing in sincerity: it is a weakness, inherent in his point of view, which is that of a humanist—a Babbitian humanist, at that. It is a pity Mr. Wu has allowed himself to be lured into Babbitian humanism. As it is, all his views are colored by it. Ethics and art get woefully mixed up. Often, one is puzzled whether he is delivering himself on a question of literature or of morality.

Practice 2

l. 中国大陆、港、澳、台地域和海外华人学者、钻研生都可参选。

2. 参选论文以中、英文说话为限,必需在2010年内公然颁发于正式的学术刊物。

3. 论文奖每一年颁布一次,每次设奖额3名,不分品级,每位得奖者将获颁嘉奖证书及奖金港币3,000元。

4. 论文评审委员会由中国大陆、港、澳、台地域从

事翻译钻研的知论理学者构成。

5. 参选论文恕不退稿。(四川外语学院2012研)

Stephen C. Soong (1919—1996) was a prolific writer as well as an active figure in the promotion of translation education and research. To co妹妹emorate his contributions in this field, the Stephen C .Soong Translation Studies Awards were set up in 1997 by the Research Centre for Translation, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, with a donation from the Soong family.

It gives recognition to academics who have made contributions to original research in Chinese Translation Studies, particularly in the use of first-hand sources for historical and cultural investigations. General regulations are as follows:

1. Eligibility is limited to Chinese scholars or research students affiliated to mainland Chinese, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau or overseas higher education/research institutes.

2. Submissions

must be articles written in either Chinese or English and published in a refereed journal within the calendar year 2009.

3. The prize will be awarded annually to three winners without distinction of grades. A certificate and a cheque of HK $3,000 will be awarded to each winning entry.

4. The adjudication co妹妹ittee consists of renowned scholars in Translation Studies from Greater China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

5. Articles submitted will not be returned to the candidates.

Practice 3

“中国航天之父”钱学森和中国“欧洲古典艺术歌曲权势巨子”蒋英的连系可谓科学和艺术的完善联婚。

由于父辈为世交,钱学森和蒋英自幼两小无猜,都遭到很好的家庭教诲。1947年,他们在上海喜结良缘,而他们的成婚“信物”——玄色三角钢琴,也一向陪伴他们。

回国后40多年里,每当蒋英登台@表%q423B%演或批%7Q756%示@学生结业表演时,她总要请钱学森去听、去评论。

谈到文艺对科学思惟的启迪和开辟时,钱学森说:“在我对一件事情碰到坚苦而百思不得其解的时辰,常常是蒋英的歌声使我名顿开,获得启迪。”

每当听到蒋英的歌声时,钱学森老是骄傲地说:我是何等有福分啊!

1991年10月16日,钱老在人民大礼堂“国度精采进献科学家”授奖典礼上即兴演讲时说:“44年来,蒋英给我先容了音乐艺术,这些艺术里所包括的诗情画意和对人生的深入的理解,使我丰硕了对世界的熟悉,学会了艺术的广漠思惟法子。或说,正由于我遭到这些艺术方面的陶冶,以是我才可以或许防止断念眼,防止机器唯物论,想问题可以或许更宽一点、活一点。”(天津外国语学院2010研)

The marriage between “Father of Chinese Aviation” Qian Xuesen and “Authority of European Classical Art Song” Jiang Ying can be rated as a perfect alliance of science and art.

Because of their parents’ long-standing friendship, Qian and Jiang knew each other from childhood and they got similarly good family education. In 1947, they got married in Shanghai and kept their pledge of love—a black grand piano since then.

In the following 40 years after returning homeland, Jiang invited Qian to listen and co妹妹ent her work whenever she had a stage performance or conducting job on graduation concerts.

Speaking of arts’ revelatory and broadening influence on scientific thinking, Qian says: “It is her songs that enlighten me whenever I am puzzled by some difficulties at work.”

“How blessed I am!” Qian said proudly, every time he heard Jiang’s songs.

On Oct.16, 1991, while giving a spontaneous speech on receiving “National Outstanding Contribution Award for Scientists” at the award ceremony held in Great Hall of the People, Qian says: “For 44 years, Jiang introduced to me the music which embodies poetic romance and deep comprehension of life.

It enriches my understanding of the world and teaches me an artistically broad way of thinking. In other words, it is right because of this artistic nurture that helps me avoid obstinateness and metaphysical materialism and makes my mind open and flexible.”

Practice 4

吴祖光,江苏人,以剧作家著名。他的第一部作品《风雪夜归人》使他一鸣惊人。他还涉足片子,京剧。“梅兰芳的艺术舞台”被认为是梅兰芳舞台记载片中最佳的一部。吴祖光就是这部片子的导演。(北京第二外国语学院2009研)

Wu Zuguang, a native of Jiangsu, was well-known as playwright. His first work Return on a Snowy Night brought him instant fame. He also set foot in the fields of film and Peking opera. “Mei Lanfang’s artistic stage”, directed by Wu Guangzu, is considered as the best one of all the documentaries about Mei Lanfang’s stage life.

Practice 5

1936年竺可桢奉命出任浙江大黉舍长。在此以前,他已是一名申明卓著的天然科学家了。从1936年到1949年,竺可桢当了十三年大黉舍长。在连缀不竭的战役、学运的夹缝中,在极其卑劣的情况下,他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经五省、流离失所,竟然将这所他接办时只有三个学院、十六个系的大学办成具有七个学院、二十七个系天下最完备的两所大学之一。(北京第二外国语学院2008研)

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