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刘凯教师独家解析2021年北京丰台区高三期末英语试卷_网易订阅

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刘凯教师全网独家解析：2021年北京丰台区高三期末英语试卷
丰台区2021年上学瓢②末操练高三英语
第一有些 常识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅览下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确方法填空。

a
i never believed in lucky coins. but one day as i was mowing the lawn (修剪草坪), i noticed a shiny object some five yards away. i stopped the machine to go and see ___1___ had caught my eye. just as i bent over to pick up the object, the machine exploded behind me. i ___2___ (stand) there, frightened but unhurt. i ___3___ (save) by the shiny object—a coin. i now believe in lucky coins and stop to pick them up whenever i see them.
我历来不信赖走运硬币。 可是有一天，当我在除草的时分，我留心到五码远的当地有一个闪闪发光的东西。 我把机器停下来，去看看是啥致使了我的留心。 合理我折腰捡起那个东西时，那台机器在我死后爆破了。 我站在那里，很惧怕，但没有受伤。 一枚闪亮的硬币救了我。 我如今信赖走运硬币的存在，只需我看到它们，就会停下来把它们捡起来。
【答案】1. what；2. stood；3. was saved；
【刘凯教师解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者叙说了在修剪草坪时意外发现了一枚硬币的故事。
【1题详解】查询宾语从句。动词see后跟宾语从句，宾语从句短少主语，作者是在草坪上看到的东西，下文中的the object提示是物，所以宾语从句主语用what，故填what。
【2题详解】查询时态。作业发生在早年的某一天，曩昔发生的事，要用一般曩昔时，所以要填stand的曩昔式，故填stood。
【3题详解】查询被逼语态。by the shiny object中的the shiny object是动作的实施者，提示句中主语为动作的承受者，所以谓语动词要用被逼语态，主语为i，作业发生在曩昔，时态用一般曩昔时，故填was saved。
b
reading as a teen leads to success. when teens read more than just their classroom assignments, research clearly shows that they generally do ___4___ (good) in school. first of all, the extra reading ___5___ (enlarge) their vocabularies. and teens ___6___ read more serious literary works gain skills in handling complex ideas. besides, teens can educate ___7___ (they) in any area of life they are interested in if they are good at reading. plus, reading also helps them expand their horizons as they learn more about people and the world.
青少年时期的阅览能带来成功。当青少年阅览的不只是是课堂作业时，研讨理解地标明他们一般在学校体现杰出。首要，课外阅览扩展了他们的词汇量。阅览更严厉的文学作品的青少年可以获得处置凌乱思维的技能。此外，假定青少年擅长阅览，他们可以在日子中任何他们感快乐喜爱的领域进行自我教育。此外，阅览也协助他们扩展他们的视界，因为他们晓得更多的人和世界。
【答案】4. well/better；5. enlarges；6. who/that；7. themselves
【刘凯教师解析】这是一篇阐明文。阐明晰青少年时期的阅览能给他们带来的优点。
【4题详解】查询副词或副词比照级。所填词润饰动词do，要用副词，所以可以填well，前文中呈现了more，所以也可以用副词的比照级与此照顾，故填well或better。
【5题详解】查询时态。句中主语the extra reading，为第三人称奇数做主语，文章是阐明文，介绍的是一般研讨结论，时态用一般如今时，所以谓语动词要用第三人称奇数方法，故填enlarges。
【6题详解】查询定语从句。定语从句的先行词：teens，指人，从句缺主语，在定语从句中联络代词做主语，指人可以用who或许that，故填who/that。
【7题详解】查询代词。所填词在句中做宾语，语句是说，假定青少年善长阅览，青少年可以在他们感快乐喜爱的任何日子领域承受自我教育。所以，代词要用反身代词，句中主语teens为复数，第三人称，所以要用themselves，故填themselves。

c
a cheerful panda ___8___ (call) bing dwen dwen has been chosen as the olympic mascot for beijing 2022 olympic winter games. the new olympic mascot will serve as an ambassador (大使) for winter sports, ___9___ (bring) joy to those who participate in and watch the olympic winter games. “bing” means ice and symbolizes purity and strength. “dwen dwen” relates to children and means ____10____ (honest), health, liveliness and loveliness. the mascot represents the strength and willpower of athletes and will help to promote the olympic spirit.
一只名叫“bing dwen dwen”的高兴熊猫被选为北京2022年冬奥会的吉利物。新的奥运吉利物将作为冬天运动的大使，为那些参加和观看冬奥会的人带来欢喜。冰的意思是冰，标志着纯真和力气。dwen dwen与儿童有关，意味着带来安康、生动和心爱。吉利物代表了运建议的力气和意志，有助于宏扬奥林匹克精力。
【答案】8. called；9. bringing；10. honesty
【刘凯教师解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了2022年北京冬天奥林匹克运动会的吉利物一个喜庆的熊猫“冰墩墩”名字的意义和它的使命。
【8题详解】查询非谓语动词。所填词作定语润饰前面的名词panda，panda与call之间是被逼联络，所以要用其ed方法，故填called。
【9题详解】查询非谓语动词。分析语句可知，本句有谓语动词serve，无连词，所以大约用非谓语，所填词与谓语动词serve一起发生，标明伴随，再根据bring与主语mascot是主动联络，所以要用动词的ing方法，故填bringing。
【10题详解】查询名词。句中谓语动词means后边跟宾语，名词作宾语，所以要填其名词方法，故填honesty。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅览下面短文，掌控其粗心，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。
i looked out at the smiling faces in the school auditorium. the applause filled my ears. i had really done it!
just a few months earlier i would never have ___11___ myself acting in a play in front of two hundred people. but when the time came, i got up on stage and ___12___ one of my greatest fears. i found a new person inside me, a much more ___13___, outgoing person who had been hidden all along, just waiting for the opportunity to come. if not for my teacher, mrs. sather, i might never have found that ___14___.
i was extremely ___15___. i had friends, but it just wasn’t in my personality to be very outgoing, even when i knew someone well. i was even ___16___ with strangers.
one day mrs. sather ___17___ that our class was going to perform a play. “i need someone to play the lead part of dorothy,” she said. “anybody want to try?” a few ___18___ hands shot up—mine, of course, was not one of them.
after class mrs. sather came to join me. “dallas, i was thinking you would be the person for dorothy. but i was ___19___ you didn’t raise your hand.”
was she ___20___? me, the lead? i was ___21___ just thinking of standing on stage in front of a lot of people.
“dallas, you’re great at ___22___ things, so you won’t worry about lines. and you have such a sweet personality. perfect for dorothy!” she said.
mrs. sather stared into my eyes as if seeing my inner self locked away inside. “i’d love you to give this a ___23___ for me. but if you really don’t want to, i won’t make you. it’s your ___24___.” mrs. sather wanted me in this role. she ___25___ me. i realized it was time to ___26___ my shy cloak (披风).
fast-forward through five months of practicing, we were ready. ___27___, i was as nervous as i had ever been. i proved to myself that i could do it in practice, ___28___ could i prove it to everyone else when it really mattered?
“it doesn’t matter how you do tonight,” said mrs. sather, ___29___ reading my thoughts when she came backstage for a final check. “you have already shown yourself how wonderful you are.”
at the end of the play, when the audience stood and applauded, i knew they were not just cheering for my performance that night, but for the performances they knew would come in later years because of my newfound ___30___.
11. a. praisedb. agreedc. picturedd. remembered
12. a. expressedb. facedc. discussedd. shared
13. a. energeticb. daringc. generousd. sincere
14. a. storyb. methodc. solutiond. opportunity
15. a. shyb. slowc. curiousd. patient
16. a. colderb. calmerc. quieterd. happier
17. a. realizedb. repeatedc. foundd. announced
18. a. firmb. excitedc. powerfuld. friendly
19. a. surprisedb. annoyedc. amusedd. embarrassed
20. a. objectiveb. crazyc. reliabled. nervous
21. a. ashamedb. regretfulc. doubtfuld. terrified
22. a. analyzingb. observingc. memorizingd. predicting
23. a. planb. tryc. guessd. promise
24. a. choiceb. destinationc. suggestiond. interest
25. a. remindedb. challengedc. trustedd. shocked
26. a. throw offb. keep offc. knock offd. call off
27. a. thereforeb. otherwisec. insteadd. still
28. a. butb. soc. ord. and
29. a. in caseb. ever sincec. as ifd. even though
30. a. popularityb. ambitionc. advantaged. confidence
【答案】11. c；12. b；13. b；14. d；15. a；16. c；17. d；18. b；19. a；20. b；21. d；22. c；23. b；24. a；25. c；26. a；27. d；28. a；29. c；30. d；
【刘凯教师解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者原是个内向的人，在教师的鼓舞和协助下成功地在200人面前演了戏，出演了主角，获得了我们的掌声，使作者重拾决心。
【11题详解】查询动词词义分析。句意：就在几个月前，我还从未想过自个会在200人面前演戏。a. praised赞扬；b. agreed附和；c. pictured描绘，描绘，用图像闪现；d. remembered记住。文章是倒叙，下文具体描绘了作者是怎样站上舞台的，正本作者极度害臊，所以他的脑际里历来没有呈现过这种站在舞台上被我们拍手受等待的画面，选项c贴题，故选c。
【12题详解】查询动词词义分析。句意：但到了时分，我走上舞台，面临我最惧怕的作业。a. expressed标明；b. faced面临；c. discussed谈论；d. shared同享，共享。作者生性害臊，即便面临了解的人都不怎么敢表达自个，在陌生人面前愈加害臊，所以站在舞台上是作者惧怕面临的作业之一。选项b贴题，故选b。
【13题详解】查询描述词词义分析。句意：我在我的心里发现了一个新的人，一个更斗胆，外向的人，一向被躲藏起来，只是等候机缘的降临。a. energetic精力充分的，充溢活力的；b. daring 英勇的，勇于冒险的；c. generous大方的，大方的；d. sincere真挚的，诚挚的。作者究竟在教师的鼓舞和协助下站上了舞台，战胜了害臊和严峻，体现出了一个斗胆的自我，所以作者心里有的是英勇，选项b贴题，故选b。
【14题详解】查询名词词义分析。句意：假定不是我的教师，mrs. sather，我可以永久也找不到机缘。a. story故事，阅历；b. method办法；c. solution办法；d. opportunity机缘。作者心里的英勇是需要机缘来激宣告来的，教师给作者创造了这样一个机缘，选项d贴题，故选d。
15题详解】查询描述词词义分析。句意：我非常害臊。a. shy害臊的；b. slow缓慢的；c. curious猎奇的；d. patient耐性的。下文中的outgoing是重要提示，鄙人文顶用的是不是定句，not outgoing就是害臊，选项a贴题，故选a。
【16题详解】查询描述词词义分析。句意：我对陌生人甚至更恬静些。a. colder较冷的；b. calmer更恬静的，更镇定的；c. quieter更恬静的；d. happier更高兴的。上文呈现了not outgoing，是作者在了解的人面前的体现，设空句是在陌生人面前，所所以和上文比较照，愈加害臊，害臊的体现是不善言辞，所以不是恬静，而是不说话，恬静，选项c贴题，故选c。
【17题详解】查询动词词义分析。句意：一天，mrs. sather告诉咱们要扮演一个话剧。a. realized知道到，了解； b. repeated重复； c. found发现；d. announced告诉，宣告。经过下文可知，教师告诉学生要打开的一项活动，所所以告诉，宣告，选项d贴题，故选d。
【18题详解】查询描述词词义分析。句意：许多手振奋地举了起来，当然，我的手不在其间。a. firm 坚决的，健壮的；b. excited振奋的；c. powerful有权势的，强有力的；d. friendly有好的。教师告诉班级排演话剧，要选主演，孩子们都想演主演，所以举手报名，这件事是孩子们想做的，所以大约是振奋地，选项b贴题，故选b。
【19题详解】查询描述词词义分析。句意：可是我很吃惊，你没有举手。a. surprised使惊奇，使惊奇， 使感到意外；b. annoyed使恼怒，有生气；c. amused逗乐，消遣；d. embarrassed使困顿，使为难，使利诱。教师来和作者说话，告诉作者他是教师心目中主演的人选，而作者因为害臊没有举手，和教师所想不一样，所以教师说吃惊，意外，选项a贴题，故选a。
【20题详解】查询描述词词义分析。句意：她疯了吗？a. objective客观的；b. crazy张狂的，入神的；c. reliable可靠的，可信赖的；d. nervous焦虑的，担忧的。作者在学校的一贯体现是不善言辞，恬静害臊，如今教师却认为他能当主演，所以作者不敢信赖自个听到的，认为教师疯了，选项b贴题，故选b。
【21题详解】查询描述词词义分析。句意：一想到要在那么人面前站在舞台上我就惧怕。a. ashamed 惭愧，惭愧；b. regretful后悔的，绝望的；c. doubtful不断定的，置疑的；d. terrified惊骇的，惧怕的。上文给出了作者的性格和在人面前的体现，所以可以推理出作者是惧怕站上舞台，选项d贴题，故选d。
【22题详解】查询描述词词义分析。句意：dallas 你在回想方面很棒，所以不必忧虑台词。a. analyzing分析；b. observing调查，谈论；c. memorizing回想，记住；d. predicting猜测。句中呈现了lines台词，台词是需要回想的，教师在鼓舞作者，消除他的忌惮，所所以说他在回想方面优良，选项c贴题，故选c。
【23题详解】查询动词词义分析。句意：我非常想要你为我而测验一下。 a. plan方案；b. try测验，尽力；c. guess猜测；d. promise承诺，承诺。教师在鼓舞作者，期望他去测验做他早年没做过的事，所以选项b测验贴题，故选 b。
【24题详解】查询名词词义分析。句意：这次是你的一个机缘。a. choice选择，机缘；b. destination意图地，结束；c. suggestion主张；d. interest快乐喜爱，快乐喜爱。战胜害臊上台扮演，教师只是对作者给出主张，期望作者思考她的定见，对作者来说是一个选择和机缘，选项a贴题，故选a。
【25题详解】查询动词词义分析。句意：她信赖我。a. reminded提示，使想起；b. challenged 应战；c. trusted信赖，信赖；d. shocked使震动，使错愕。作者自个都没敢想的事，教师给出了主张，所以教师对作者信赖，选项c贴题，故选c。
【26题详解】查询动词短语分析。句意：我知道到是时分抛掉我害臊的披风了。a. throw off脱节，抛掉；b. keep off使脱离，使不接近；c. knock off使削减，使降低；d. call off撤消。正本作者是害臊的，所以如同披了件披风把自个包裹在里边，如今教师的鼓舞使作者想去测验一下，所以要把正本的害臊的披风抛掉，选项a贴题，故选a。
【27题详解】查询副词词义分析。句意：我仍是和我早年相同严峻。a. therefore因而；b. otherwise否则，否则；c. instead相反，取而代之；d. still仍然，还。作者早年很害臊，所以在同级比照句中，如今是仍然害臊严峻，契合逻辑联络，选项d贴题，故选d。
【28题详解】查询连词分析。句意：可是，当它真的重要的时分，我能向其别人证明吗？a. but可是，可是；b. so那么；c. or或，或许，仍是；d. and和，而且。上句中作者仍是严峻，可是他又想证明自个能经过操练来改动自个，作者的心里在做剧烈的斗争，设空句与上句的逻辑联络是转机，选项a贴题，故选a。
【29题详解】查询连词分析。句意：当mrs. sather来后台作最终的查看时，她说不管你今晚体现怎样都没联络，她如同理解我在想啥。a. in case以防，避免；b. ever since自从；c. as if如同，似乎；d. even though即便。根据设空句意可以晓得，教师说出的话正是作者在忧虑的作业，作者怕因为自个的体现而使话剧不成功，教师的话消除了他的忌惮，叫他只需做好自个就行了，所所以如同读懂了他在想啥，选项c贴题，故选c。
【30题详解】查询名词词义分析。句意：在话剧的最终，当观众起立拍手时，我晓得他们不只是是在为我当晚的扮演喝彩，而是因为我重拾决心，他们晓得今后会有更多的扮演。a. popularity广泛，盛行；b. ambition志向，野心；c. advantage利益，便当之处；d. confidence决心。根据文章可以晓得到作者的心路进程，从没有自傲到成功结束表演，所所以新发现的是决心，选项d贴题，故选d。
【刘凯教师点睛】完型填空的第6题，考的是描述词分析，4个选项中a、d两个选项简略打扫，选项c、b选择时，要留心上文作者对自个的描绘：shy，害臊的体现不是镇定而是恬静，不喜爱说话，选项b与上文不符，然后选定正确答案。完型填写题型要留心上下文在内容和逻辑上的共同性，为解题供给根据。

第二有些 阅览了解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅览下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。
a
fun stem things to do over winter break
winter break is just around the corner. we’re here to fill the time with fun projects and outings for all ages! each of these activities is fun enough to pull your kids off the couch and away from the games.
an educational field trip
ages: all
spending a couple of weeks in the house can make anyone crazy. why not take your kids on an educational field trip? local children’s museums or science and technology museums will be a hit. these museums provide opportunities for hands-on exploration, so your kids will be able to interact with stem subjects, instead of just watching them.
many of them offer discounted tickets on certain days. read the fine print online to see if you can visit for less.
science experiments at home
ages: all
science experiments aren’t just for school. in fact, your kids could probably spend the entirety of their winter break exploring science with nothing more than objects you’d find around the house. for younger kids, making frozen bubbles is a great way to explore the scientific process. teens can look to a list of 15 age-appropriate experiments for inspiration.
start building
ages: all
there’s no better way to explore engineering principles than to start building! gather up any number of household objects—plastic cups, lego blocks, straws—and start building. if you want some suggestions for what to build and how to build it, 谷歌 is your best friend.
electrical engineering
ages: 14–18
light up your holiday season with one of our handy guides. in the past, we showed readers how to create a tech-o-lantern costume, and those same principles could be used to create other light-up projects. we also created a simple guide for creating a light-up holiday card and that’s perfect for christmas.
we hope these fun stem activities will keep your kids happily occupied over winter break.
31. who is this passage probably written for?
a. parents.b. teachers.
c. camp organizers.d. school leaders.
32. if you want to make a thank-you card with lights, you may prefer _________.
a. electrical engineeringb. science experiments at home
c. start buildingd. an educational field trip
33. the winter break stem activities _________.
a. are organized outdoors
b. need to be done with family
c. are free to children of all ages
d. give children hands-on experience
【答案】31. a；32. a；33. d；
【刘凯教师解析】这是一篇使用文。介绍了寒假里为学生预备的在科学，技能，工程，数学方面的4个活动。
【31题详解】推理判别题。文章初步：“each of these activities is fun enough to pull your kids off the couch and away from the games.”，这些活动中的每一个都满足风趣满足使你们的孩子脱离沙发，远离游戏，这儿的your就是指的孩子们的父母，选项a说这篇文章是为父母而写的，贴题，故选a。
【32题详解】细节了解题。第4个活动中：“we also created a simple guide for creating a light-up holiday card……”，咱们也可以辅导制造带有闪亮灯的节日贺卡。标题是问要想制造带有灯的谢谢卡，最佳参加哪项活动，选项a是第4个活动，贴题，故选a。
【33题详解】推理判别题。标题问：寒假的科学，技能，工程，数学方面的4个活动具有的特征，选项a：在户外组织的，从第1个活动：“local children’s museums or science and technology museums will be a hit.”，看出该活动是孩子们赏识一些博物馆，而博物馆不是户外的，选项a差错。选项b：需要和家庭一同结束，选项c：对一切年纪的孩子免费，这两项在文章找不到对应的细节，选项d：这些活动能让孩子们去亲自领会。4个活动：赏识博博物馆，在家做科学实验，用家庭里有的物品缔造东西来探究工程原理，制造亮光的物品，这些活动都是要叫孩子着手、动脑的活动，所所以孩子们能亲自领会的，文中一初步：“each of these activities is fun enough to pull your kids off the couch and away from the games.”就表述了这4个活动与看电视和玩游戏的不一样，选项d贴题，故选d。
【刘凯教师点睛】阅览了解标题中有两种对细节内容进行断定，再推理的办法：打扫法和直接断定法，本题中的第3题，要将这两种办法联系运用。选项a可以在文中直接找到有关内容，来断定其差错，剩下的三个选项中b、c选项在文中没有清楚的表述，大约先定为可疑项，作好记号，选项d乍一看文中也没有直接表述的内容来支撑，但通读完全文，晓得了4个活动的内容和意图后，可以推理出他们都是需要孩子们自个亲自参加的活动，而不是像看电视那样被逼、低沉承受的活动，再联系文中最初与看电视、玩游戏进行的比照，阐明这4个活动是需要孩子们亲自参加的，亲自领会的，然后选定正确答案。
b
my family moved to st. paul, minnesota last year, where the average winter temperature is around 10 degrees fahrenheit. once summer ended, everyone went inside to play ice hockey. i’d been on the ice only a couple of times when i was much younger. when i’d fallen and broken my wrist during my second lesson, i’d decided never to put on ice skates again.
ben, the friend i made in the new city, volunteered to teach me to skate. even though he was very patient, i was so embarrassed by my clumsiness that i began to make up excuses for not skating.
one day i discovered a faster route home. it took me past a large frozen pond. i noticed a woman teaching a young girl to skate. the girl was attempting to jump and spin in the air.
over and over, she pushed off the ground with the toe of her skate. and over and over, she landed hard on the ice.
after i had been watching the girl practice for about a week, one afternoon she suddenly lifted off the ground, spun in the air, and landed on her feet!
the next day i bought myself some brand new skates. every day on the way home i stopped at the pond and wobbled onto the ice, right next to the girl who had landed her jump. as she perfected her twists and tricks, i taught myself to glide and turn. it was hard being a beginner, and when i fell i had to fight the urge to simply give up. instead, every time i went down, i just picked myself up and started over again. soon i was able to keep my balance and skate more confidently. in just a few weeks, i was actually ready to practice the speed skating, fast stops, and quick turns needed for ice hockey. when i was finally ready to show ben my newfound skating ability, he told me i should join the local hockey league. i tried out and was chosen for a team. by the end of the season, i was part of a winning team.
34. what can we learn about the author?
a. he learned skating from the girl.
b. he preferred ice hockey to skating.
c. he had once given up learning skating.
d. he moved to a new city without summer.
35. why did the author mention the girl on the pond?
a. to prove the girl was skillful.
b. to suggest the girl inspired him.
c. to show the girl was a quick learner.
d. to explain how he came across the girl.
36. according to the last paragraph, the author’s training was________.
a. easy and basicb. hard but rewarding
c. boring and tiringd. strict but interesting
37. what does the story mainly tell us?
a. all roads lead to rome.
b. one is never too old to learn.
c. one good turn deserves another.
d. nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
【答案】34. c；35. b；36. b；37. d；
【刘凯教师解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在很小的时分因为滑冰摔断了手腕，所以对滑冰一向已心存害怕，搬到明尼苏达的圣保罗后仍然如此，在一次抄近路回家，经过一个冰冻池塘，作者看到了一个在操练滑冰的小女生，她在阅历了许多次的颠仆后，一周后俄然腾空而起，这一幕使作者深受教育，他初步自学滑冰，一次次的颠仆，一次次的从头站起来，从头初步，最终变成了一支取胜冰球队的一员。
【34题详解】细节了解题。第一段最终两句：“when i’d fallen and broken my wrist during my second lesson, i’d decided never to put on ice skates again.”，作者在上滑冰课的第次就摔断的手腕，他抉择再也不穿溜冰鞋了，就是不再学滑冰了，选项c是作者早年想扔掉学习滑冰，贴题，故选c。
【35题详解】推理判别题。读完全文，晓得作者从早年扔掉学习滑冰，到再从头初步学习，是因为看到了小女生在阅历了许多次的颠仆后，一周后俄然腾空而起，成功了，池塘上的小女生鼓舞了作者，选项b是作者说到池塘上的小女生是想标明她鼓励了他，贴题，故选b。
【36题详解】细节了解题。最终一段：“it was hard being a beginner, ……every time i went down, i just picked myself up and started over again. soon i was able to keep my balance and skate more confidently. in just a few weeks, i was actually ready to practice the speed skating, fast stops, and quick turns needed for ice hockey. ……i tried out and was chosen for a team. by the end of the season, i was part of a winning team.”，作者操练时一次次的颠仆，一次次的从头站起来，从头初步，可以看出作者操练地很艰苦，最终作者被选进冰球队，变成了一支取胜冰球队的一员，作者成功了，获得了成功，这是艰苦操练的奖赏，选项b是作者的练习是艰苦的，可是有酬谢的，贴题，故选b。
【37题详解】主旨粗心题。通读全文，故作业节告诉咱们作者从扔掉滑冰到遭到鼓舞自学，经过艰苦的操练，最终成功了，选项a：条条大道通罗马。选项b：活到老学到老。选项c：善有善报。选项d：有志者事竟成。选项d贴题，故选d。

c
a star athlete at the college where i work recently stopped by my office. after committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was riven by self-criticism. “i’m at peak fitness, and i practice hard. how is this happening?” she asked.
this student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. she has a sense that hours on the field should get her exactly where she needs to go. many students have similar mentality. when they win, they feel powerful and smart. when they fail, they are crushed by self-blame. if my achievements are mine to control, they reason, my failures must be entirely my fault, too.
we talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. but there is something else at play: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mindset” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. a 2021 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.
one possible explanation comes from suniya luthar, who argued in a research paper that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “it is not a lack of motivation and perseverance (意志) that is the big problem. instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” they push themselves onward in face of impossible goals. a 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of c-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. a 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.
the cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning. at smith college where i teach, students are asked to explore how setbacks and missteps made them stronger or more effective. we would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (意外冲击) us when we least expect it. it’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
38. why was star athlete trapped by self-blame?
a. she broke down during the match.
b. she didn’t try her best in the match.
c. she believed hard work should pay off.
d. she thought she should have practiced harder.
39. what can we learn from paragraph 5?
a. lack of motivation and perseverance leads to teens’ failure.
b. praising children for effort increases academic performance.
c. children struggle with failure due to parents’ over-protection.
d. unhealthy perfectionism causes physical and emotional stress.
40. according to the author, adults should _________.
a. help students learn from failure
b. protect students from discomfort
c. reward students for their hard work
d. explore the cause of students’ failure
41. which of the following does the author probably agree with?
a. effort equals achievement.
b. motivation is the key to success.
c. success is not always under control.
d. effort is more important than ability.
【答案】38. c；39. d；40. a；41. c；
【刘凯教师解析】这是一篇阐明文。研讨标明“心态”的误用使年青人有了个伪出题：假定他们情愿为之作业，他们就能获得任何作用。但实践并非如此，日子会在最不经意的时分，给你冲击，反而是那些常常说“作业会发生”的人站起来得最快。
【38题详解】细节了解题。根据第一段最终一句““i’m at peak fitness, and i practice hard. how is this happening?” she asked.”，第二段初步：“this student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.”，这位明星运建议深陷自责，她觉得她满足尽力，她能经过尽力来控制日子的成果，选项c：她信赖尽力作业就会有酬谢。标题问明星运建议深陷自责的缘由，所以选项c贴题，故选c。
【39题详解】细节了解题。根据第五段：“instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” 相反，这是不安康的完满主义，当对作用的盼望跨越巅峰时，他们很难在大约退的时分畏缩。“a 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of c-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. a 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.”，2007年和2014年的研讨标明回绝扔掉不可以能的方针会发生心脏病以及其它医学有关的炎症，抑郁与此有关。选项d：不安康的完满主义会致使身体和情感压力。所以，从第五段可以晓得的研讨结论是选项d贴题，故选d。
【40题详解】细节了解题。最终一段：“……we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning.” 咱们成年人大约协助学生以更安康的方法寻求成功，将失利从头界说为学习的一个特征，而不是差错。选项a是要协助学生从失利大学习，所以选项a贴题，故选a。
【41题详解】推理判别题。文中作者用了研讨结论来阐明：“the cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail.”，严格的实际是，你可以尽你所能，仍然失利。所以可以估测出作者附和的观念是：付出未必老是有酬谢，选项c：成功并不老是在控制之下。选项c贴题，故选c。
d
plants do not listen to the radio. but a team of researchers in greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees’ moisture content to a smartphone—the first step toward creating what the researchers call an “internet of plants.”
scientists had previously attached sensors to trees to measure their water use, but “no other team had created a wireless radio network among plants, sending information while consuming only a few microwatts and costing just a few dollars,” says project leader aggelos bletsas, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the technical university of crete.
the network consists of several basic components: an existing fm radio station, an antenna (天线) attached to a lemon growing on a tree, a humidity (湿度) sensor in the lemon, a transistor connected to an antenna and an fm receiver. first, the antenna picks up the signal from the fm station, and then passes the signal to the transistor, which is modulated by the humidity sensor. the sensor switches the transistor on and off at a rate dependent on the plant’s moisture level: if the soil is wet or if the atmosphere is humid, that rate is lower; if it is dry, the rate is higher. finally, the antenna broadcasts this information to the radio receiver on a mobile phone.
in this way, plants can tell farmers if they are thirsty. “we can literally ‘listen’ to the moisture of the plant, using our mobile fm radio with a $3.4 sensor,” bletsas says. “two of these sensors for every acre on any given farm might change the way we conduct agriculture and ‘understand’ plants.” he notes that more sensors may be needed for the best possible results. such real-time information could enable better control of air and soil moisture.
why go through all this trouble and not just use already common wireless technology, such as bluetooth? “not only is our technique less complex, as we are just borrowing signals in the environment,” bletsas says, but “a bluetooth-based sensor costs about $25. our final aim is to launch sensors onto the market costing less than $1.”
“bletsas and his team are completely changing the way of environmental sensing using very simple equipment and surprisingly little power,” says alexandros dimakis, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the university of texas at austin, who was not involved in the research. “their work could be a transformational internet of things technology for agricult

ure and for monitoring the environment.”
bletsas and his colleagues have already applied for a patent for their innovative technology in america.
42. the radio network created by greek researchers _________.
a. consumes much energy
b. can be put in a smartphone
c. uses simple technology at low cost
d. broadcasts radio programs to plants
43. what does the underlined word “modulated” in paragraph 3 mean?
a. monitored.b. adjusted.
c. measured.d. connected.
44. what is alexandros dimakis’ attitude to the “radio network”?
a. positive. b. critical. c. neutral. d. doubtful.
45. what is the purpose of the passage?
a. to discuss methods of studying plants.
b. to assess the efficiency of internet of plants.
c. to stress the importance of keeping soil’s moisture.
d. to introduce a new way of measuring plants’ water use.
【答案】42. c；43. b；44. a；45. d；
【刘凯教师解析】这是一篇阐明文。希腊的一个研讨小组迩来创造了一种将柠檬变成非常小的"电台"的办法，它可以向智能手机播报有关树木水分含量的信息。如今其构成还比照凌乱，没有运用已常常见的无线技能，是因为开发者思考了商场价格要素。这一创造运用非常简略的设备和小功率来完全改动环境传感方法，他们是农业和监测环境的物联网技能。
【42题详解】细节了解题。第五段：“not only is our technique less complex, as we are just borrowing signals in the environment,” bletsas says, but “a bluetooth-based sensor costs about $25. our final aim is to launch sensors onto the market costing less than $1.”，咱们的技能不只不太凌乱，因为咱们只是在环境中借用信号，而且"根据蓝牙的传感器的本钱约为 25 美元。咱们的究竟方针是将价格低于 1 美元的传感器投进到商场上。所以这项创造是技能简略，本钱低，选项c贴题，故选c。
【43题详解】词义猜测题。画线词在非限性定语从句中作谓语，它的主语是transistor：晶体管收音机，也就是这个动词是对晶体管收音机操作的意思，整句话是：晶体管收音机由湿度传感器来modulated。选项b：调度，调整，贴题，故选b。
【44题详解】推理判别题。倒数第二段：““bletsas and his team are completely changing the way of environmental sensing using very simple equipment and surprisingly little power,” says alexandros dimakis, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the university of texas at austin, who was not involved in the research. “their work could be a transformational internet of things technology for agriculture and for monitoring the environment.””，alexandros dimakis尽管没有参加这一创造，但他的评价是：这一创造运用非常简略的设备和小功率来完全改动环境传感方法，他们是农业和监测环境的物联网技能。可以看出他对这一创造是持撑持和赞扬的情绪的，选项a是附和的; 撑持的，贴题，故选a。
【45题详解】主旨粗心题。文章一初步：“a team of researchers in greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees’ moisture content to a smartphone……”，就点明晰本篇文章的主旨，介绍一项创造：将柠檬变成非常小的"电台"，它可以向智能手机播报有关树木水分含量的信息，选项d：介绍一种测量植物用水的新办法。贴题，故选d。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为剩下选项。
surveillance (监督) is a fact of life. your boss is monitoring your performance at work. supermarkets are collecting data on your grocery shopping. ___46___
in a few months, european union law-makers are due to approve proposals that will make driver assistance systems mandatory (强行的) in cars within three years. all new models of car will come with black boxes (event data recorders), intelligent speed assistance, lane-keeping assistance and more besides.
a large number of technologies will soon be monitoring a driver’s every move. are we prepared for devices that watch how we drive and try to help us do it better?
___47___ in a report published in april 2021, it found that the suite of changes could save at least 7,300 lives by 2030, and reduce the number of serious injuries from car crashes by 38,900. “we can have the same kind of impact as when safety belts were first introduced,” says oliver carsten, who studies transport safety at the university of leeds, uk.
___48___ the black box is the most controversial (有争议的) tech because of fears that the tech encourages surveillance. it would be easy to worry about being watched in your car. but the eu rules say the system is only checked in the event of an accident to help with insurance claims and police investigation. the point is to provide for a fair allocation (分配) of responsibility when a crash occurs. some people choose to have a black box because it can reduce their individual insurance premium (稳妥费). ____49____ what’s more, the data collected in human-driven cars will help train automated driving systems to the point that they could be ready for large-scale deployment in the future.
___50___ drivers should think of it as an extra layer of protection, rather than the vehicle trying to take over driving from you.
a. now there is a new field: the automobile.
b. there is concern about these technologies, however.
c. the tech is reducing costs because it’s reducing the number of crashes.
d. safety isn't much discussed, principally because cars are already very safe.
e. while the eu is taking the boldest steps, these technologies aren't far behind in other parts of the world.
f. as a result, what may at first glance seem like a surveillance technology is actually a benefit for society.
g. the european commission says that introducing these advanced driver assistance systems will make driving safer.
【答案】46. a；47. g；48. b；49. c；50. f；
【刘凯教师解析】这篇七选五是一篇记叙文。几个月后，欧盟立法者将附和在三年内强行在轿车里设备驾御员辅佐体系的提案，一切新车型的轿车将配备黑匣子（作业数据记载器），智能速度辅佐，车道坚持辅佐等。这些辅佐体系可以削减损伤，降低事端，但也致使了争议。
【46题详解】
设空句为第一段的末句，这一段第一句是期间主旨句，接着作者举了比方，来阐明监督是日子中实践的存在，选项a是日子中存在监督的一个新当地——轿车，下文就是关于轿车里设备驾御辅佐体系的内容，选项a既是第一段内容的承上，又是对第二段的启下，选项a贴题，故选a。
【47题详解】设空句为这一段的首句，是这段的主旨句，下文介绍了驾御员辅佐体系可以削减损伤、降低事端的数量，它就像是咱们如今运用的平安带。选项g：欧盟委员会标明，引入这些领先的驾御员辅佐体系将使驾御更平安。所以，选项g贴题，故选g。
【48题详解】设空句为这一段的句首，是这段的主旨句，下文：“the black box is the most controversial (有争议的) tech because of fears that the tech encourages surveillance.”，写了驾御员辅佐体系致使的争议，对这种监督有不一样的声响，选项b：可是，我们对这些技能感到担忧。however的运用提示与上段所写内容有转机的逻辑联络，选项b引出本段内容贴题，故选b。
【49题详解】设空句前一句：“some people choose to have a black box because it can reduce their individual insurance premium.” 有些人选择用黑匣子，因为它可以削减他们的自个稳妥费，选项c：这项技能正鄙人降本钱，因为它削减了磕碰的数量，承受上句，说明上句的缘由，选项c贴题，故选c。
【50题详解】上文介绍了轿车驾御员辅佐体系可以降低事端，削减自个保费，是对社会有优点，选项f：因而，只需略微看看，就晓得监督技能是对社会有优点。承受上段内容，选项f贴题，故选f。
第三有些 书面表达（共两节, 35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假定你是红星大学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友jim来信问询你校打开体育活动的情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 你校打开的体育活动；
2. 给学生带来的优点。
留心： 1. 词数不少于50；2. 最初和结束已给出，不计入总词数。
dear jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
yours,
li hua
【答案】dear jim,
i’m glad to hear from you. in your last letter, you showed great interest in sports activities held in our school. let me introduce it to you.
our pe subject is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered and we can do different sports of our own choice. after class, there are many sports clubs available for us to enjoy our spare time and develop athletic skills. our school also holds some regular sports events such as sports meet in september, where everyone can experience the spirit of sports.
all these sports events have brought us great benefits. they have encouraged us to do physical exercise actively and strengthened our sense of team cooperation.
what sports activities are held in your school?
yours,
li hua

【刘凯教师解析】本篇书面表达归于使用文，需求考生写一封信，告诉对方：学校打开的体育活动；体育活动给学生带来的优点。。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：一般性使用文 ——函件
格局：格局是函件，要写明写信的目标（即称号）和写信人（即署名），正文前可恰当添加问好语，还要有结束语
要害：要包括二个要害 ——学校在打开体育活动，体育活动给学生带来的优点。
规划：总分法
第二步：列提纲（要点短语和词汇）
show ;interest; sports activities ; receive; sports courses ; sports clubs ; available; spare time ;develop; regular sports events; the spirit of sports; benefit; encourage; physical exercise ;strengthen ; team cooperation.
第三步：连词成句
in your last letter, you showed great interest in sports activities.
our pe subject is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered
we can do different sports of our own choice.
after class, there are many sports clubs available for us to enjoy our spare time and develop athletic skills.
our school also holds some regular sports events such as sports meet in september,
everyone can experience the spirit of sports.
all these sports events have brought us great benefits.
they have encouraged us to do physical exercise actively and strengthened our sense of team cooperation.
第四步：连句成篇
第五步：润饰批改
【刘凯教师点睛】范文格局正确，结束了试题规则的使命，掩盖一切内容要害，使用了许多的语法规划和词汇：非捆绑性定语从句：our school also holds some regular sports events such as sports meet in september, where everyone can experience the spirit of sports.；状语从句：our pe subject is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered and we can do different sports of our own choice.，文章是介绍体育活动的打开和洽处，所以考生运用了几处被逼语态来杰出谈论的主体：is well received；are offered。非谓语动词：in your last letter, you showed great interest in sports activities held in our school. let me introduce it to you.；after class, there are many sports clubs available for us to enjoy our spare time and develop athletic skills.；they have encouraged us to do physical exercise actively and strengthened our sense of team cooperation.也使整篇文章的规划更丰厚。结束可以说是个亮点，没有运用一般常用的期望收到你的回信这样的表述，而是用了发问的句式，表达期望对方回信的自愿，完全抵达了预期的写作意图。
第二节（20分）
52.假定你是红星大学高三学生李华。你们班上星期打开了“废物分类，从我做起”的活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后次序，写一篇英文周记，记叙整个进程。
留心：1.词数不少于60。2.最初已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：废物桶 dustbin

last week, our class organized an activity themed “garbage sorting, take action now” to help save resources and protect the environment.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】last week, our class organized an activity themed “garbage sorting, take action now” to help save resources and protect the environment.
at the class meeting, our teacher introduced the idea of garbage sorting and called upon us to take action, which was warmly welcomed by all of us.
after that, our work got started. first of all, we searched the internet for related information, such as why to sort garbage and how to do it. besides, to raise more students’ awareness of garbage sorting, we made a poster.
the next day, we went to the campus to explain and demonstrate how to sort garbage into different dustbins. our action caught many students’ attention and they expressed their willingness to join us.
back home, i shared what i had learned with my parents and we worked together to put the household garbage into different bins.
through the experience, i deeply realize the urgency of garbage sorting and i am very proud of the efforts we have put into environmental protection.
【刘凯教师解析】本篇书面表达是图像作文。需求考生根据四幅图的先后次序，写一篇英文周记，记叙上星期打开的“废物分类，从我做起”的活动整个进程。
【详解】1．体裁：周记文体。
首要时态：一般曩昔时。
人称：第一人称。
要害：记叙描绘文体，捉住 4个要害：时刻，地址，人物，作业前后经过。
格局：周记。
规划：总分总
2．简译：对每幅图用英语表述出来
3．联接：将图与图之间躲藏的要害要发掘出来，第2幅图要有两个有些：查材料，做海报；第3幅图既要写作者所做的事，也要写同学们对活动的反应
4．成文：加上过渡词语，改动一些句式，收拾成文
【刘凯教师点睛】本篇书面表达格局正确；要害全部；时态共同；环绕主题；词汇和句式正确。
考生对所给图像里的要害找全了，统筹了图内图外内容，如第3幅图：要添加同学们听到宣讲后的反应，较好掌控了图中人物与人物、人物与地址、人物与画面以及图像内各有些的联络，还留心了图像内容的接连性及共同性(人称、时态等前后共同)。
在言语方面，运用了非捆绑性定语从句： at the class meeting, our teacher introduced the idea of garbage sorting and called upon us to take action, which was warmly welcomed by all of us.，宾语从句：i shared what i had learned with my parents and we worked together to put the household garbage into different bins.，非谓语动词：besides, to raise more students’ awareness of garbage sorting, we made a poster.，两个疑问副词加动词不定式的句式：why to，how to，使文章句式规划有改变，愈加简练。完全抵达了预期的写作意图。
刘凯教师介绍：
刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为北京理工大学。美国亚利桑那大学造访专家，澳大利亚新兰威尔士大学esl研修。2021年加州理工学院言语学双学位获得者。
北京市优良青年教师，北京市级要点大学演示校骨干教师，多年大学一线执教经历，高三大学把关教师，多次参加东城区仿照试题出题作业，教育理念领先，教育作用杰出，多篇教育论文获市区级奖项。
教育部课题研讨员，参加国家十二五课题方案，并作出杰出奉献，参加大学、大学各大学区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研讨课使命。
北京市科技英语优良辅导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；刘凯教师将厚实的英语根柢功和稳重的学术思维作为教育的基础，课堂上长于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰厚，使学生在调和的课堂气氛下赏识英语、享受英语、掌控英语、运用英语。
曾多次参加高考阅卷作业，参加公民教育出书社、北京教育出书社、外研社等各类高考教育用书的编写作业，有丰厚的备考经历，世界中心期刊宣告多篇论文。
2009-2012年时刻，多次受邀在北京播送电台掌管英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程变革节目，学术功底深沉，兼具偶像派与实力派特征，教风亲热洒脱，诙谐诙谐，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，长于引导学生学致使用，对高考意向掌控极端精确，深受学生和家长时刻待。特别擅长英语语法和单词回主意。
海外日子学习十年，社科人文类学科偏疼者；10年雅思教龄，多家出名机构教师培训师；
辅导上万考生快速冲刺雅思写作、阅览，均匀分数7.5分；创始“期间清空”、极简化“关于检索式”阅览法等许多高效技法；
每年雅思考试均在10次以上；均分8+；真题回想精确度97%以上；靠近西式思路和言语辅导学生写作；长于协助学生打破学术写作思维瓶颈。
教学类别有长难句、翻译、四六级考试、阅览和写作；在2014、2015、2016、2021四年考研中，承受其培训的一切考生中有近万名考生获得高分。
资深考研培训讲师；
英语四六级考试天团高档讲师；
雅思阅览、雅思写作培训主讲名师；
六级考试阅卷构成员；
深谙出题规则宽和题套路，对英语的学习规则和办法见地一起。
带给学生的不只是考分的前进，更多的是对英语领会和感知的打破。纯粹的英音、一起的见地、睿智的思维和轻松诙谐的言语，为其赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。